CAJ | 학술논문

为应对人口老龄化带来的诸多问题,欧美国家进行了大量的理论研究和实践探索.基于理论分析发现:劳动力市场、养老金、生育、教育等任何一个领域的改革都能缓解人口老龄化对社会发展的负面影响,但其影响较小;如果同时对每个领域进行系统化的配套改革,即使每项改革的幅度不大,也将取得更好的效果.实践中,受制度的具体设计和其他外部因素的影响,欧美国家的改革推行受到了各种阻力.为化解我国人口老龄化的风险和压力,进行涉及就业、教育、社会保险、医疗、住房、交通、养老服务等方面的整体改革已是当务之急.除了将年龄作为各项政策改革的重要参数,还需考虑性别、民族、身体机能的自然退化等更多现实因素.
위응대인구노령화대래적제다문제,구미국가진행료대량적이론연구화실천탐색.기우이론분석발현:노동력시장、양로금、생육、교육등임하일개영역적개혁도능완해인구노령화대사회발전적부면영향,단기영향교소;여과동시대매개영역진행계통화적배투개혁,즉사매항개혁적폭도불대,야장취득경호적효과.실천중,수제도적구체설계화기타외부인소적영향,구미국가적개혁추행수도료각충조력.위화해아국인구노령화적풍험화압력,진행섭급취업、교육、사회보험、의료、주방、교통、양로복무등방면적정체개혁이시당무지급.제료장년령작위각항정책개혁적중요삼수,환수고필성별、민족、신체궤능적자연퇴화등경다현실인소.
To deal with the social problems caused by aging, the European and American countries have explored a lot of theoretical researches and practices. Based on the theoretical analysis, the reform of any ifeld such as labor market, pension, fertility and education can alleviate the negative impact of aging although little impact. If we form a systematic reform in every ifeld, even if each reform is not signiifcant, it will achieve better results. In practice, the reform is facing all kinds of resistance because of the inlfuence of speciifc design and other external factors from the system reform. In order to resolve the risk and pressure of the aging of population in China, the reform of employment, education, social insurance, medical treatment, housing, transportation, pension services is a top priority. During the course of reform, age is an important parameter, but it also need to consider sex, nationality, physical function of the natural degradation and other realistic factors.