CAJ | 학술논문

以云南几个典型钨锡矿带为例，结合国内外前人成果，研究对比了层控钨锡矿床与含钨锡的“S”型花岗岩之间的关系，发现：含钨锡的“S”花岗岩均产出于早期地层富集钨锡甚至形成独立的钨锡矿床的地区，如元古界的云南西盟—缅甸完冷锡矿带，寒武系都龙—白牛厂钨锡矿带，石炭系腾冲—梁河锡钨矿带，三叠系的个旧锡矿带，新近系的薅坝地锡矿带等；而在地层中没有明显钨锡富集的层位，即使有地壳重熔形成“S”型花岗岩也不会有钨锡矿床产出，如云南西北部的鲁甸花岗岩、加仁花岗岩等。根据对层控钨锡矿床的成矿年代、矿石结构构造、容矿围岩变质属性等方面的综合分析，证明所谓的“‘S’型花岗岩与 W、Sn、Mo、Bi 成矿关系密切”的认识，实际上是富集钨锡的早期层位在地壳加厚或受到构造热侵蚀时发生重熔，并使钨锡按照矿质沉淀的温度序列重新分配与富集的结果。因此，“S”型花岗岩并不具有含W、Sn、(Mo、Bi)的专属性，而富集W、Sn的地层重熔才是形成W、Sn矿床的关键。从众多的实例来看，层控钨锡矿常常与深源的(碱性)玄武岩关系密切，而不一定与“S”型花岗岩关系密切。只要有早期的层控钨锡矿存在，该矿层被任何一种火成岩穿切或吞噬，矿质都可能被迁移至合适的位置重新沉淀而成矿。因此深入分析和对比含钨锡的层位及其形成背景条件，是扩大钨锡矿资源量的关键；而层控钨锡矿与“S”型花岗岩接触带(特别是外接触带)及其相关的构造裂隙，很可能是矿质运移再分配并形成富钨锡矿的有利空间。层控钨锡矿卷入变质核杂岩，含矿层位可以被抬升至较浅部位，不仅利于开采，而且在中心部位的隐伏花岗岩体也可以形成富矿，是进一步找矿的方向。
이운남궤개전형오석광대위례，결합국내외전인성과，연구대비료층공오석광상여함오석적“S”형화강암지간적관계，발현：함오석적“S”화강암균산출우조기지층부집오석심지형성독립적오석광상적지구，여원고계적운남서맹—면전완랭석광대，한무계도룡—백우엄오석광대，석탄계등충—량하석오광대，삼첩계적개구석광대，신근계적호패지석광대등；이재지층중몰유명현오석부집적층위，즉사유지각중용형성“S”형화강암야불회유오석광상산출，여운남서북부적로전화강암、가인화강암등。근거대층공오석광상적성광년대、광석결구구조、용광위암변질속성등방면적종합분석，증명소위적“‘S’형화강암여 W、Sn、Mo、Bi 성광관계밀절”적인식，실제상시부집오석적조기층위재지각가후혹수도구조열침식시발생중용，병사오석안조광질침정적온도서렬중신분배여부집적결과。인차，“S”형화강암병불구유함W、Sn、(Mo、Bi)적전속성，이부집W、Sn적지층중용재시형성W、Sn광상적관건。종음다적실례래간，층공오석광상상여심원적(감성)현무암관계밀절，이불일정여“S”형화강암관계밀절。지요유조기적층공오석광존재，해광층피임하일충화성암천절혹탄서，광질도가능피천이지합괄적위치중신침정이성광。인차심입분석화대비함오석적층위급기형성배경조건，시확대오석광자원량적관건；이층공오석광여“S”형화강암접촉대(특별시외접촉대)급기상관적구조렬극，흔가능시광질운이재분배병형성부오석광적유리공간。층공오석광권입변질핵잡암，함광층위가이피태승지교천부위，불부리우개채，이차재중심부위적은복화강암체야가이형성부광，시진일보조광적방향。
Taking several W-Sn ore belts in Yunnan as examples and referring to the research results from China and abroad, the authors investigated the relationship between the W-Sn bearing stratabound W-Sn deposits and the W-Sn bearing S-type granites. The results show that all the W-Sn bearing granites occur in areas where the earlier strata are enriched in tungsten and/or tin, such as the Proterozoic tin (-zinc) belt from Ximeng of Yunnan to Wanleng of Myanmar, the Cambrian tungsten-tin belt in Dulong-Bainiuchang of southeast Yunnan, the Carboniferous tin-tungsten belt in Tengchong-Lianghe of west Yunnan, the Triassic tin belt in Gejiu of southeast Yunnan; and the Neogene tin belt in Haobadi of west Yunnan. In contrast, the S-type granites (such as the granites in Ludian and Jiaren of southwest Yunnan), hosted in the strata without dominant enrichment of W and/or Sn, have no tungsten and/or tin. An analysis of dating results, structures and textures of the rocks and/or ores and the property of the metamorphism of the host rocks shows that the essence of “the S-type granites’ affinities with mineralization of W, Sn, Mo, Bi” resulted from the sequence of the remelting of the preexistent strata with enrichment of W, Sn, Mo and/or Bi and redistribution of the ore-forming materials including W and/or Sn in precipitation order of the metals controlled by temperatures, under the condition of crust thickening or thermal disturbance of deep magma. Therefore,the S-type granites do not necessarily constitute the prerequisite of bearing W, Sn, Mo, and Bi. Correspondingly, the strata enriched in W and /or Sn are the key to mineralization of W and Sn. Consequently, the through analysis of the W and Sn-bearing strata and the setting of the formation is the key to enlarging the resources of W and Sn. A number of case studies of W-Sn ore deposits show that the stratabound W/Sn ore deposits are closely related to the (alkalic) basalts in the depth rather than to the S-type granites. Once there exists the early W/Sn–bearing sequences that are cut or engulfed, the mineral substances can be transported to specific spaces to reprecipitate and from ore deposits. The contact zone, especially the outer contact zone, and the related structure fractures, are favorable spaces for formation of the W and Sn deposits as a result of migration and redistribution of the ore-forming material. When the stratabound W/Sn ore deposits are involved in a metamorphic core complex, the ore-bearing sequence can be uplifted to a shallow level convenient for exploitation, and there might also exist the ore shoot at the contact of the concealed granite in the center of the core complex.