草业学报
草業學報
초업학보
PRATACULTURAL SCIENCE
2015年
8期
218-224
,共7页
李新乐%侯向阳%穆怀彬%李西良%郭丰辉
李新樂%侯嚮暘%穆懷彬%李西良%郭豐輝
리신악%후향양%목부빈%리서량%곽봉휘
褐潮土%磷肥%磷素形态%有效性
褐潮土%燐肥%燐素形態%有效性
갈조토%린비%린소형태%유효성
Fluvo-aquic soil%phosphorus fertilizer%phosphorus forms%availability
长期施磷肥对土壤磷素积累、形态转化以及有效性的影响是国内外土壤化学研究的热点之一。本研究利用从2008年开始在京南地区进行的紫花苜蓿连续6年施用磷肥定位试验,研究不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿田土壤磷素积累、形态转化及其有效性的影响。试验地土壤为褐潮土,试验开始前耕层(0~20 cm)土壤有机质为11.2 g/kg,全磷为0.77 g/kg,速效磷为5.66 mg/kg,pH 为8.3。结果表明,连续不施磷肥土壤的全磷、速效磷、无机磷各组分含量较连续施磷肥处理均明显降低,说明连续施用磷肥可显著扩大土壤中的有效磷库;不施磷肥处理耕层(0~20 cm)土壤全磷下降了6.94%,速效磷下降了16.3%,施用磷肥处理耕层土壤全磷增加1.3%~13%,速效磷增加164.7%~335.9%;不同的施磷肥处理对 Ca2-P 含量的影响最大,不施磷肥的土壤 Ca2-P 几乎耗竭,而施磷处理的 Ca2-P 增加幅度可达19~36倍;此外,施用磷肥也使土壤 Ca8-P、Ca10-P、Al-P、Fe-P、O-P 有不同程度的提高。通过2013年的停施磷肥试验可知继续施磷肥的处理(F2)与停施磷肥的处理(F2′)在土壤磷素水平、苜蓿产量及养分含量上均没有显著差异,表明磷肥存在明显的后效作用,之前积累在土壤中的磷素具有生物有效性。
長期施燐肥對土壤燐素積纍、形態轉化以及有效性的影響是國內外土壤化學研究的熱點之一。本研究利用從2008年開始在京南地區進行的紫花苜蓿連續6年施用燐肥定位試驗,研究不同施肥處理對紫花苜蓿田土壤燐素積纍、形態轉化及其有效性的影響。試驗地土壤為褐潮土,試驗開始前耕層(0~20 cm)土壤有機質為11.2 g/kg,全燐為0.77 g/kg,速效燐為5.66 mg/kg,pH 為8.3。結果錶明,連續不施燐肥土壤的全燐、速效燐、無機燐各組分含量較連續施燐肥處理均明顯降低,說明連續施用燐肥可顯著擴大土壤中的有效燐庫;不施燐肥處理耕層(0~20 cm)土壤全燐下降瞭6.94%,速效燐下降瞭16.3%,施用燐肥處理耕層土壤全燐增加1.3%~13%,速效燐增加164.7%~335.9%;不同的施燐肥處理對 Ca2-P 含量的影響最大,不施燐肥的土壤 Ca2-P 幾乎耗竭,而施燐處理的 Ca2-P 增加幅度可達19~36倍;此外,施用燐肥也使土壤 Ca8-P、Ca10-P、Al-P、Fe-P、O-P 有不同程度的提高。通過2013年的停施燐肥試驗可知繼續施燐肥的處理(F2)與停施燐肥的處理(F2′)在土壤燐素水平、苜蓿產量及養分含量上均沒有顯著差異,錶明燐肥存在明顯的後效作用,之前積纍在土壤中的燐素具有生物有效性。
장기시린비대토양린소적루、형태전화이급유효성적영향시국내외토양화학연구적열점지일。본연구이용종2008년개시재경남지구진행적자화목숙련속6년시용린비정위시험,연구불동시비처리대자화목숙전토양린소적루、형태전화급기유효성적영향。시험지토양위갈조토,시험개시전경층(0~20 cm)토양유궤질위11.2 g/kg,전린위0.77 g/kg,속효린위5.66 mg/kg,pH 위8.3。결과표명,련속불시린비토양적전린、속효린、무궤린각조분함량교련속시린비처리균명현강저,설명련속시용린비가현저확대토양중적유효린고;불시린비처리경층(0~20 cm)토양전린하강료6.94%,속효린하강료16.3%,시용린비처리경층토양전린증가1.3%~13%,속효린증가164.7%~335.9%;불동적시린비처리대 Ca2-P 함량적영향최대,불시린비적토양 Ca2-P 궤호모갈,이시린처리적 Ca2-P 증가폭도가체19~36배;차외,시용린비야사토양 Ca8-P、Ca10-P、Al-P、Fe-P、O-P 유불동정도적제고。통과2013년적정시린비시험가지계속시린비적처리(F2)여정시린비적처리(F2′)재토양린소수평、목숙산량급양분함량상균몰유현저차이,표명린비존재명현적후효작용,지전적루재토양중적린소구유생물유효성。
The effects of phosphorus (P)fertilization on the accumulation,transformation and availability of P in soil chemistry have drawn much attention in recent years.This paper reports on a six-year fertilization ex-periment (beginning in 2008)with alfalfa grown in the south region of Beijing.The soil type in the study area is fluvo-aquic.Before the experiment was performed,soil organic matter was 11.2 g/kg,total P was 0.77 g/kg,available P was 5.66 mg/kg and soil pH was 8.3 in the topsoil (0-20 cm).The results showed that the contents of total P,available P and inorganic P in various forms decreased markedly without P fertilization and increased significantly when P fertilizer was applied.Total P and available P in soils without fertilization de-creased by 6.94% and 16.3% respectively,while in soil treated with six years fertilization they increased by 1.3%-13.0% and 164.7%-335.9% respectively.The effects of different P fertilizer treatments on Ca2-P <br> content were significant.Ca2-P content was almost depleted in the non-fertilization treatment,while levels in the fertilization treatment increased 19-36 times.P fertilization also increased the soil content of Ca8-P,Ca10-P,Al-P,Fe-P,O-P.When fertilization was stopped in 2013 it was found that no significant differences existed in soil P level,alfalfa yield and nutrient content between the treatments of continued fertilization (F2 )and ceased fertilization (F2′).The results indicate that long term P fertilization has significant and continuous effects.The accumulation of P in soil contents should also enhance future biological performance.