CAJ | 학술논문

为探讨小麦千粒重（TGW）分子数量性状遗传，及 QTL 与水分环境互作关系，本文以抗旱性强的冬小麦品种陇鉴19与水地高产品种 Q9086杂交创建的重组近交系（recombinant inbred lines，RIL）群体120个株系为供试材料，采用条件复合区间作图法对3个环境不同水分条件下 TGW 进行 QTL 定位和遗传分析。结果表明，小麦 RIL群体 TGW 对水分环境反应敏感，群体中各株系呈现广泛变异和超亲分离，属于微效多基因控制的复杂数量性状，易受水分环境影响。共检测到19个和38对控制 TGW 的加性 QTL（A-QTL）和上位性 QTL（AA-QTL），分布在除1A、3B、4D 和6A 以外的其他17条染色体上。这些 A-QTL 和 AA-QTL 表达通过正向或负向调控影响 TGW 表型变异，贡献率分别在1．24％～10．94％和0．38％～2．89％。发现了3个多环境均能稳定表达的 A-QTL（Qtgw．acs-1B ．1，Qtgw．acs-2A．1和 Qtgw．acs-4A．1），以及4个 A-QTL 热点区域[Xmag2064-Xbarc181（1B），Xwmc522-Xg-wn122（2A），Xwmc446-Xgwm610（4A）和 Xwmc603-Xbarc195（7A）]。所检测到的 A-QTL 和 AA-QTL 与干旱胁迫环境互作普遍负向调控 TGW 表型。加性效应和加性与环境的互作效应是决定小麦 TGW 的主要遗传因子。在干旱胁迫条件下，这种遗传主效应均不同程度降低 TGW 表型。本研究结果可为小麦抗旱遗传改良和分子标记辅助选择育种奠定理论基础。
위탐토소맥천립중（TGW）분자수량성상유전，급 QTL 여수분배경호작관계，본문이항한성강적동소맥품충롱감19여수지고산품충 Q9086잡교창건적중조근교계（recombinant inbred lines，RIL）군체120개주계위공시재료，채용조건복합구간작도법대3개배경불동수분조건하 TGW 진행 QTL 정위화유전분석。결과표명，소맥 RIL군체 TGW 대수분배경반응민감，군체중각주계정현엄범변이화초친분리，속우미효다기인공제적복잡수량성상，역수수분배경영향。공검측도19개화38대공제 TGW 적가성 QTL（A-QTL）화상위성 QTL（AA-QTL），분포재제1A、3B、4D 화6A 이외적기타17조염색체상。저사 A-QTL 화 AA-QTL 표체통과정향혹부향조공영향 TGW 표형변이，공헌솔분별재1．24％～10．94％화0．38％～2．89％。발현료3개다배경균능은정표체적 A-QTL（Qtgw．acs-1B ．1，Qtgw．acs-2A．1화 Qtgw．acs-4A．1），이급4개 A-QTL 열점구역[Xmag2064-Xbarc181（1B），Xwmc522-Xg-wn122（2A），Xwmc446-Xgwm610（4A）화 Xwmc603-Xbarc195（7A）]。소검측도적 A-QTL 화 AA-QTL 여간한협박배경호작보편부향조공 TGW 표형。가성효응화가성여배경적호작효응시결정소맥 TGW 적주요유전인자。재간한협박조건하，저충유전주효응균불동정도강저 TGW 표형。본연구결과가위소맥항한유전개량화분자표기보조선택육충전정이론기출。
To better understand the molecular quantitative genetic and QTL patterns affecting thousand-grain weight (TGW)in wheat (Triticum aestivum )in different water environments,QTL mapping and genetic anal-ysis were performed for TGW using a mixed linear model approach.TGW was evaluated for recombinant in-bred lines (RIL)with 120 progenies from a cross between Longjian 19 (drought tolerant)and Q9086 (drought sensitive)under different water regimes in three environments.Phenotypic expression of TGW in the RILs was highly sensitive to water status and showed wide variation and transgressive segregation.TGW was found to be subject to complex quantitative genetic regulation by minor-effect polygenes,which were easily affected by wa- <br> ter environments.A total of 19 additive QTL (A-QTL)and 38 pairs of epistatic QTL (AA-QTLs)were detec-ted for TGW in wheat,distributed on all chromosomes including 1A,3B,4D and 6A.Expression of these QTLs influenced the phenotypic variation of TGW resulting in both up-and down-regulation.The magnitude of these effects on TGW ranged from 1.24%-10.94% and 0.38%-2.89%,respectively.Three A-QTLs, Qtgw.acs-1B .1,Qtgw.acs-2A.1 and Qtgw.acs-4A.1,were detected in multiple environments.In addition, four A-QTL hot-spot regions for TGW were also found at some specific locations,e.g.,Xmag2064-Xbarc181 on chromosome 1B,Xwmc522-Xgwn122 on chromosome 2A,Xwmc446-Xgwm610 on chromosome 4A and Xwmc603-Xbarc195 on chromosome 7A.Most of the interaction effects of A-QTLs and AA-QTLs associated with drought-stressed environments were linked to down-regulation of the TGW variations.The additive and the additive×environment interaction effects may be the main genetic factors in TGW inheritance,and if so their expression would decrease TGW.The findings of this study should be useful for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance using molecular marker-assisted selection in wheat.