草业学报
草業學報
초업학보
PRATACULTURAL SCIENCE
2015年
8期
35-43
,共9页
杨月娟%张灏%周华坤%叶鑫%姚步青%张春辉%马真%赵新全
楊月娟%張灝%週華坤%葉鑫%姚步青%張春輝%馬真%趙新全
양월연%장호%주화곤%협흠%요보청%장춘휘%마진%조신전
施肥%始花期%终花期%非度量多维尺度分析%熵值法
施肥%始花期%終花期%非度量多維呎度分析%熵值法
시비%시화기%종화기%비도량다유척도분석%적치법
fertilization%first flowering day%end flowering day%nonmetric multidimensional scaling%entropy method
在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站的矮嵩草草甸水肥样地进行了氮、磷、钾施肥添加试验，研究了施肥对植物花期物候和群落结构的影响。结果表明，施肥使矮嵩草草甸有效积温增加，地下5 cm 和地上10 cm 有效积温的大小均为：氮＞磷＞钾＞对照；施肥使垂穗披碱草、甘青剪股颖、冷地早熟禾、矮嵩草、黑褐薹草、双柱头蔍草、美丽风毛菊的始花期、终花期显著推迟（P ＜0．05），而鹅绒委陵菜和麻花艽的始花期、终花期显著提前（P ＜0．05）；施肥后禾草的花期持续期小于莎草和杂类草；与对照相比，垂穗披碱草－麻花艽、垂穗披碱草－美丽风毛菊、甘青剪股颖－麻花艽和冷地早熟禾－麻花艽的开花时间（始花期）上的差异变小，种间开花时间重叠增加；非度量多维尺度分析的检验结果为，对照、钾、磷和氮处理下其群落之间的相似程度逐渐降低，添加氮、磷促进了非相似性群落的形成。熵值法综合评价分析得出，对矮嵩草草甸添加氮、磷后，花期物候响应较为敏感的物种为：垂穗披碱草、矮嵩草、麻花艽和美丽风毛菊。
在中國科學院海北高寒草甸生態繫統定位站的矮嵩草草甸水肥樣地進行瞭氮、燐、鉀施肥添加試驗，研究瞭施肥對植物花期物候和群落結構的影響。結果錶明，施肥使矮嵩草草甸有效積溫增加，地下5 cm 和地上10 cm 有效積溫的大小均為：氮＞燐＞鉀＞對照；施肥使垂穗披堿草、甘青剪股穎、冷地早熟禾、矮嵩草、黑褐薹草、雙柱頭蔍草、美麗風毛菊的始花期、終花期顯著推遲（P ＜0．05），而鵝絨委陵菜和痳花艽的始花期、終花期顯著提前（P ＜0．05）；施肥後禾草的花期持續期小于莎草和雜類草；與對照相比，垂穗披堿草－痳花艽、垂穗披堿草－美麗風毛菊、甘青剪股穎－痳花艽和冷地早熟禾－痳花艽的開花時間（始花期）上的差異變小，種間開花時間重疊增加；非度量多維呎度分析的檢驗結果為，對照、鉀、燐和氮處理下其群落之間的相似程度逐漸降低，添加氮、燐促進瞭非相似性群落的形成。熵值法綜閤評價分析得齣，對矮嵩草草甸添加氮、燐後，花期物候響應較為敏感的物種為：垂穗披堿草、矮嵩草、痳花艽和美麗風毛菊。
재중국과학원해북고한초전생태계통정위참적왜숭초초전수비양지진행료담、린、갑시비첨가시험，연구료시비대식물화기물후화군락결구적영향。결과표명，시비사왜숭초초전유효적온증가，지하5 cm 화지상10 cm 유효적온적대소균위：담＞린＞갑＞대조；시비사수수피감초、감청전고영、랭지조숙화、왜숭초、흑갈대초、쌍주두록초、미려풍모국적시화기、종화기현저추지（P ＜0．05），이아융위릉채화마화구적시화기、종화기현저제전（P ＜0．05）；시비후화초적화기지속기소우사초화잡류초；여대조상비，수수피감초－마화구、수수피감초－미려풍모국、감청전고영－마화구화랭지조숙화－마화구적개화시간（시화기）상적차이변소，충간개화시간중첩증가；비도량다유척도분석적검험결과위，대조、갑、린화담처리하기군락지간적상사정도축점강저，첨가담、린촉진료비상사성군락적형성。적치법종합평개분석득출，대왜숭초초전첨가담、린후，화기물후향응교위민감적물충위：수수피감초、왜숭초、마화구화미려풍모국。
Fertilizers (N,P & K)were applied to a Kobresia humilis meadow at the Haibei Alpine Meadow E-cosystem Research Station to determine the effects of fertilizer on plant flowering phenology and community structure.Fertilizer application increased the effective accumulated soil temperature at 5 and 10 cm depth:ni-trogen>phosphorus>potassium>control treatment.The first floweing day and end flowering day was delayed in a number of plant species including Elymus nutans ,Agrostis hugoniana ,Poa crymophila ,Kobresia humi- <br> lis ,Carex atrofusca ,Scirpus distigmaticus and Saussurea superb (P <0.05),whereas in Potentilla anserine and Gentiana straminea flowering was advanced (P <0.05).Flowering duration in Gramineae was lower than in Cyperaceae and Forbs following fertilizer application.The application of nitrogen and phosphorus promoted the formation of a heterogeneous community.Heterogeneity,assessed using nonmetric multidimensional scal-ing,was lowest in control fertilizer treatments followed by potassium,phosphorus,and finally nitrogen appli-cation.It was concluded that E .nutans ,K .humilis ,G.straminea and S .superb were sensitive to the applica-tion of nitrogen and phosphorus in K .humilis meadow.
