CAJ | 학술논문

经济全球化和技术革新成为影响美国高等职业教育发展的重要外部力量。从美国高等职业教育现状来看，约有80%的美国高等教育机构参与高等职业教育；绝大多数美国高等教育阶段学生选择并获得了职业教育领域的学位或证书；学生选择并获得证书或学位的职业领域集中在“健康科学”领域。“高等职业教育机构广泛而多样”、“获得副学士学位或证书成为学生主要动机”、“‘健康科学’等社会亟需职业领域颇受‘青睐’”，是美国高等职业教育的重要特点。借鉴美国的经验，我国尚需进一步加大高职发展的力度，实现高职发展的“多样化”；提高高职“专业设置”与市场需求的契合度，提升高职的社会服务能力。
경제전구화화기술혁신성위영향미국고등직업교육발전적중요외부역량。종미국고등직업교육현상래간，약유80%적미국고등교육궤구삼여고등직업교육；절대다수미국고등교육계단학생선택병획득료직업교육영역적학위혹증서；학생선택병획득증서혹학위적직업영역집중재“건강과학”영역。“고등직업교육궤구엄범이다양”、“획득부학사학위혹증서성위학생주요동궤”、“‘건강과학’등사회극수직업영역파수‘청래’”，시미국고등직업교육적중요특점。차감미국적경험，아국상수진일보가대고직발전적력도，실현고직발전적“다양화”；제고고직“전업설치”여시장수구적계합도，제승고직적사회복무능력。
Economic globalization and technological innovations are the most important external forces of the development of American postsecondary career and technical education. The current situation of American postsecondary career and technical education is as the following: roughly 80 percent of all postsecondary institutions involved in the Career and Technical Education, the majority of undergraduate students are seeking and earning subbaccalaureate credentials, most of all credential-seeking undergraduates in subbaccalaureate programs are in the field of health sciences. Thus, we could see there are three important features about American postsecondary CTE, the first is the institutions of postsecondary CTE are broad and diverse, the second is earning subbaccalaureate credentials are the main motivation of students, and the third is “health sciences” became the students’ favorite career field. Based on these realities, we need to further intensify the development of Chinese higher vocational education to achieve the “diversity” development, we also need to improve the “specialty setup” of college to fit the market demand, so as to improve the social service capacity of Chinese higher vocational education.