农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
15期
93-100
,共8页
夏江宝%赵西梅%赵自国%陈印平%刘俊华
夏江寶%趙西梅%趙自國%陳印平%劉俊華
하강보%조서매%조자국%진인평%류준화
土壤水分%盐分%地下水%潜水水位%土壤溶液浓度%柽柳
土壤水分%鹽分%地下水%潛水水位%土壤溶液濃度%檉柳
토양수분%염분%지하수%잠수수위%토양용액농도%정류
soil moisture%salinity%groundwater%groundwater level%soil solution concentration%Tamarix chinensis Lour
为探讨盐水矿化度下土壤水盐分布特征对潜水埋深的响应规律及其水盐交互效应，以黄河三角洲建群种柽柳（Tamarix chinensis Lour）栽植的土壤柱体为研究对象，模拟设置0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2、1.5和1.8 m共6种潜水水位，测定分析各水位处理下不同土壤剖面的相对含水率、含盐量及土壤溶液绝对浓度等水盐参数。结果表明：随潜水水位的增加，整个土柱水分均值显著降低，土壤含盐量和溶液绝对浓度均值先升高后降低，1.2 m水位是土壤水盐变化的转折点，此水位下各土壤剖面的含盐量和土壤溶液绝对浓度均达最高。土柱水分和盐分变化幅度最大的水位分别在中水位0.9～1.2 m，浅水位0.6 m，土壤溶液绝对浓度变化最剧烈的是深水位1.5～1.8 m。随土壤深度的增加，土壤水分显著升高，土壤盐分先降低后升高，表土层盐分均值最高达1.36%，但土壤溶液绝对浓度显著减小。土壤含盐量、土壤相对含水率与潜水水位分别呈极显著（P＜0.01）和显著（P＜0.05）负相关，土壤相对含水率与盐分呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）。地下盐水矿化度下，柽柳幼苗栽植深度应超过20 cm深，适宜潜水水位在1.5～1.8 m，栽植深度以30～40 cm较好。研究结果可为地下盐水作用条件下土壤次生盐渍化的防治和柽柳栽植管理提供参考。
為探討鹽水礦化度下土壤水鹽分佈特徵對潛水埋深的響應規律及其水鹽交互效應，以黃河三角洲建群種檉柳（Tamarix chinensis Lour）栽植的土壤柱體為研究對象，模擬設置0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2、1.5和1.8 m共6種潛水水位，測定分析各水位處理下不同土壤剖麵的相對含水率、含鹽量及土壤溶液絕對濃度等水鹽參數。結果錶明：隨潛水水位的增加，整箇土柱水分均值顯著降低，土壤含鹽量和溶液絕對濃度均值先升高後降低，1.2 m水位是土壤水鹽變化的轉摺點，此水位下各土壤剖麵的含鹽量和土壤溶液絕對濃度均達最高。土柱水分和鹽分變化幅度最大的水位分彆在中水位0.9～1.2 m，淺水位0.6 m，土壤溶液絕對濃度變化最劇烈的是深水位1.5～1.8 m。隨土壤深度的增加，土壤水分顯著升高，土壤鹽分先降低後升高，錶土層鹽分均值最高達1.36%，但土壤溶液絕對濃度顯著減小。土壤含鹽量、土壤相對含水率與潛水水位分彆呈極顯著（P＜0.01）和顯著（P＜0.05）負相關，土壤相對含水率與鹽分呈極顯著正相關（P＜0.01）。地下鹽水礦化度下，檉柳幼苗栽植深度應超過20 cm深，適宜潛水水位在1.5～1.8 m，栽植深度以30～40 cm較好。研究結果可為地下鹽水作用條件下土壤次生鹽漬化的防治和檉柳栽植管理提供參攷。
위탐토염수광화도하토양수염분포특정대잠수매심적향응규률급기수염교호효응，이황하삼각주건군충정류（Tamarix chinensis Lour）재식적토양주체위연구대상，모의설치0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2、1.5화1.8 m공6충잠수수위，측정분석각수위처리하불동토양부면적상대함수솔、함염량급토양용액절대농도등수염삼수。결과표명：수잠수수위적증가，정개토주수분균치현저강저，토양함염량화용액절대농도균치선승고후강저，1.2 m수위시토양수염변화적전절점，차수위하각토양부면적함염량화토양용액절대농도균체최고。토주수분화염분변화폭도최대적수위분별재중수위0.9～1.2 m，천수위0.6 m，토양용액절대농도변화최극렬적시심수위1.5～1.8 m。수토양심도적증가，토양수분현저승고，토양염분선강저후승고，표토층염분균치최고체1.36%，단토양용액절대농도현저감소。토양함염량、토양상대함수솔여잠수수위분별정겁현저（P＜0.01）화현저（P＜0.05）부상관，토양상대함수솔여염분정겁현저정상관（P＜0.01）。지하염수광화도하，정류유묘재식심도응초과20 cm심，괄의잠수수위재1.5～1.8 m，재식심도이30～40 cm교호。연구결과가위지하염수작용조건하토양차생염지화적방치화정류재식관리제공삼고。
Soil salt and water closely related to groundwater depth mainly affect vegetation distribution pattern and community succession of the Yellow River Delta. Thus,it is important to explain the changing process of water and salt in groundwater and soil and their effects on the occurrence of the secondary salinization. This study aimed to understand the response of soil water-salt distribution characteristics to groundwater depth and their interactive effects under saline groundwater conditions. To achieve the objective, a laboratory experiment was carried out in a controllable greenhouse of Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, China in 2014. Soils were collected from Yellow River downstream and air-dried. A total of 18 soil columns planted withTamarix chinensis Lour, a constructive species in the Yellow River Delta were prepared and the soil columns were made of polyvinyl chloride resin. These soil columns were immersed into saline water that simulated groundwater levels of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8 m. The water-salt parameters (such as relative soil water content, soil salt content and soil solute absolute concentration) of different soil column profiles were measured. The results showed that: 1) Relative soil water content of soil columns was greatly decreased as the level of groundwater increased while soil salt content: soil moisture fluctuated dramatically for treatment of groundwater level 0.9-1.2 m and was stable for groundwater level 0.3-0.6 m; 2)Soil solution absolution concentration increased first and then decreased, and the turning point of soil water and salt content occurred at level of groundwater 1.2 m, under which soil salinity and soil solution absolute concentration of soil profiles were both the highest; 3) The maximum variation of water content, salt content and soil solution absolution concentration occurred for treatments of the level of groundwater 0.9-1.2 m, 0.6 m and 1.5-1.8 m, respectively; 4) As soil depth increased, the relative soil water content also increased, the soil salt content fell first and then rose up to 1.34% at surface layer, while soil solution absolute concentration decreased; From the soil surface down the soil profile, the change range and degree of relative soil water content and soil solution absolute concentration decreased gradually with increasing groundwater level; The groundwater level corresponding to the highest salt content of all soil profiles was 1.2 m; and 5) Soil salt content and relative soil water content had significant negative correlations with level of groundwater at P<0.01 andP<0.05, respectively, and a significant positive correlation (P<0.01) was observed between relative soil water content and soil salt content. Based on changes in soil moisture, salinity and soil solution absolute concentration, the T. chinensis should be planted 20 cm at least of soils, preferably 30-40 cm under saline groundwater conditions. The suitable level of groundwater was between 1.5 and 1.8 m. The results can provide important information for the prevention of soil secondary salinization, and the planting and management of T. chinensis under saline groundwater conditions.
