农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
15期
231-238
,共8页
甄丽莎%谷洁%胡婷%刘晨%贾凤安%吕睿
甄麗莎%穀潔%鬍婷%劉晨%賈鳳安%呂睿
견려사%곡길%호정%류신%가봉안%려예
污染%土壤%堆腐%石油污染土壤%生物修复%降解动力学%微生物群落结构
汙染%土壤%堆腐%石油汙染土壤%生物脩複%降解動力學%微生物群落結構
오염%토양%퇴부%석유오염토양%생물수복%강해동역학%미생물군락결구
pollution%soils%composting%petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil%bioremediation%degradation kinetics%microbial community structure
为了探讨不同初始浓度石油污染土壤堆腐化修复机制，以石油降解菌剂和腐熟鸡粪为调理剂，研究了初始浓度分别为5000（T1）、10000（T2）和50000 mg/kg（T3）的石油污染土壤堆腐化修复过程石油烃类污染物降解动力学特征和微生物群落多样性。结果表明：堆腐化修复过程石油烃类污染物降解符合一级反应动力学，反应常数分别为0.012、0.094和0.050 d-1，半衰期分别为6.79、7.37和13.86 d。整个堆腐过程石油烃类污染物平均降解速率分别为112.08、230.05和887.93 mg/(kg·d)。3个处理的孔平均颜色变化率（average well color development）和碳源利用率（除芳香烃类化合物外）随堆腐进程的推进逐渐升高，在堆腐中、后期达到最大，T3处理显著高于T1、T2处理。多聚物类和糖类代谢群是堆腐体系中的优势菌群。主成分分析表明3个处理的微生物群落差异显著（除第9天外），起分异作用的碳源主要是糖类和羧酸类。微生物群落的丰富度指数和均一度指数随堆腐进程的推进逐渐升高并在堆腐后期达到最大，与T1处理相比， T3处理分别高了0.21%和17.64%，差异达到显著水平（P<0.05）。微生物群落优势度指数在中期达到最大，T1处理分别比T2、T3处理高2.12%和9.44%，3个处理间差异不显著（P>0.05）。堆肥结束时3个处理的种子发芽指数（seed germination index, SGI）分别比堆腐初期提高了18.26%、20.42%和36.41%。该研究结果为黄土高原不同程度石油污染土壤堆腐化修复的应用提供参考依据和理论基础。
為瞭探討不同初始濃度石油汙染土壤堆腐化脩複機製，以石油降解菌劑和腐熟鷄糞為調理劑，研究瞭初始濃度分彆為5000（T1）、10000（T2）和50000 mg/kg（T3）的石油汙染土壤堆腐化脩複過程石油烴類汙染物降解動力學特徵和微生物群落多樣性。結果錶明：堆腐化脩複過程石油烴類汙染物降解符閤一級反應動力學，反應常數分彆為0.012、0.094和0.050 d-1，半衰期分彆為6.79、7.37和13.86 d。整箇堆腐過程石油烴類汙染物平均降解速率分彆為112.08、230.05和887.93 mg/(kg·d)。3箇處理的孔平均顏色變化率（average well color development）和碳源利用率（除芳香烴類化閤物外）隨堆腐進程的推進逐漸升高，在堆腐中、後期達到最大，T3處理顯著高于T1、T2處理。多聚物類和糖類代謝群是堆腐體繫中的優勢菌群。主成分分析錶明3箇處理的微生物群落差異顯著（除第9天外），起分異作用的碳源主要是糖類和羧痠類。微生物群落的豐富度指數和均一度指數隨堆腐進程的推進逐漸升高併在堆腐後期達到最大，與T1處理相比， T3處理分彆高瞭0.21%和17.64%，差異達到顯著水平（P<0.05）。微生物群落優勢度指數在中期達到最大，T1處理分彆比T2、T3處理高2.12%和9.44%，3箇處理間差異不顯著（P>0.05）。堆肥結束時3箇處理的種子髮芽指數（seed germination index, SGI）分彆比堆腐初期提高瞭18.26%、20.42%和36.41%。該研究結果為黃土高原不同程度石油汙染土壤堆腐化脩複的應用提供參攷依據和理論基礎。
위료탐토불동초시농도석유오염토양퇴부화수복궤제，이석유강해균제화부숙계분위조리제，연구료초시농도분별위5000（T1）、10000（T2）화50000 mg/kg（T3）적석유오염토양퇴부화수복과정석유경류오염물강해동역학특정화미생물군락다양성。결과표명：퇴부화수복과정석유경류오염물강해부합일급반응동역학，반응상수분별위0.012、0.094화0.050 d-1，반쇠기분별위6.79、7.37화13.86 d。정개퇴부과정석유경류오염물평균강해속솔분별위112.08、230.05화887.93 mg/(kg·d)。3개처리적공평균안색변화솔（average well color development）화탄원이용솔（제방향경류화합물외）수퇴부진정적추진축점승고，재퇴부중、후기체도최대，T3처리현저고우T1、T2처리。다취물류화당류대사군시퇴부체계중적우세균군。주성분분석표명3개처리적미생물군락차이현저（제제9천외），기분이작용적탄원주요시당류화최산류。미생물군락적봉부도지수화균일도지수수퇴부진정적추진축점승고병재퇴부후기체도최대，여T1처리상비， T3처리분별고료0.21%화17.64%，차이체도현저수평（P<0.05）。미생물군락우세도지수재중기체도최대，T1처리분별비T2、T3처리고2.12%화9.44%，3개처리간차이불현저（P>0.05）。퇴비결속시3개처리적충자발아지수（seed germination index, SGI）분별비퇴부초기제고료18.26%、20.42%화36.41%。해연구결과위황토고원불동정도석유오염토양퇴부화수복적응용제공삼고의거화이론기출。
In order to investigate the mechanism of bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by composting, an experiment was conducted with bacteria agent and mature chicken manure as amendment. We studied the kinetics of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation and the diversity of microbial community during the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by composting with different concentrations. The concentrations included 5 000 mg/kg (T1), 10 000 mg/kg (T2) and 50 000 mg/kg (T3). The results showed that biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon followed the first-order model during composting. The constants of biodegradation rate in 3 treatments respectively were 0.012, 0.094and 0.050/d. The half-life period was 6.79 d in T1 treatment, 7.37 d in T2 treatment and 13.86 d in T3 treatment. The average degradation rate was 112.08 mg/(kg·d) in T1 treatment, 230.05 mg/(kg·d) in T2 treatment and 887.93 mg/(kg·d) in T3 treatment during composting. This indicated that the average degradation rate increased with the increase in the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration. The average well-color development (AWCD) and use of carbon sources (except aromatic compounds) increased during the composting process, and reached the peak at the end of composting. There was a sharp rise in AWCD at the beginning of composting. This phenomenon could be easily explained by the fact that the total activity of soil microbial community increased significantly in the early of the process, while the use of carbon sources rose. The value of AWCD and the use of carbon sources in T3 were significantly higher than that in T2 and T3 at the end of composting. This demonstrated that there were dominant microbial consortia in the treatment with higher petroleum hydrocarbon concentration, and the dominant microbial consortia raised the total activity of soil microbial community and the use of carbon source. The dominant microbial consortia were metabolism communities of polymers and carbohydrates in composting process. The principal component analysis results revealed that there was a significant difference in soil microbial community structure among 3 treatments and the difference was mostly related to the use of carbohydrates and carboxylic acids. The microbial community diversity, as indicated by Shannon and McIntosh, increased during the composting process, and reached the peak at the end of stage. The values of Shannon and McIntosh in T3 were 0.21% and 17.64% higher than those in T1 respectively, and the differences were significant at 0.05 level (P<0.05). Simpson reached the maximum in middle stage. The value of Simpson in T1 was 2.12% and 9.44% higher than that in T2 and T3 respectively (P>0.05). This phenomenon was likely due to the stimulating effect of lower concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon on the growth of the dominant microbial consortia. However, the structure of soil microbial community in 3 treatments had no significant difference. The seed germination index (SGI) reached the maximum at the end of composting. Compared with the first stage of composting, the SGI in 3 treatments increased respectively by 18.26%, 20.42% and 36.41%. This suggested that bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by composting had a high effect for improving soil health. The results can provide a reference and theoretical basis for the application of bioremediation in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in the Loess Plateau by composting with different concentrations.
