CAJ | 학술논문

污水处理是目前猪场废弃物污染防治的难题，结合猪场污水原水可生化性较好的特点，作者开展了浸没式膜生物反应器（MBR）处理猪场污水运行参数优化试验研究。试验选择3种溶解氧质量浓度（DO：＜1.5、1.5～3.0和＞3.0 mg/L）、3种水力停留时间（HRT：0.75、1.5和3.0 d）和3种回流比（200%、300%和400%），根据正交试验设计形成9个处理组，分3批在河南省某人工干清粪猪场进行试验，每批试验运行50 d（20 d驯化期+30 d试验期）。MBR有效容积30 L，自动进水和出水，污泥停留时间控制在25～30 d，反应器内水温控制在(20±5)℃，调节pH值为7～8。结果表明，当膜生物反应器进水化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH4+-N）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）质量浓度分别为(3277±1192)、(203.8±51.2)、(361.0±133.3)和(65.0±23.1) mg/L时，出水的COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP质量浓度分别为(202±201)，(56.6±54.0)、(91.6±69.1)和(19.2±10.0) mg/L，对应的去除率分别为94.3%±5.8%、70.0%±27.2%、70.7%±20.7%和68.3%±17.4%。MBR在去除污染物的同时，对污水中粪大肠菌群具有较好的去除作用，去除率达到99.9%±0.08%，试验中86.4%的MBR出水粪大肠菌群数能达到国家标准的卫生学指标要求。通过正交试验的极差分析发现运行参数对COD和NH4+-N去除效果的影响顺序为DO＞HRT＞回流比，对TP去除效果影响的顺序为HRT＞DO＞回流比，并优化出MBR最佳运行参数为DO 1.5～3.0 mg/L、HRT 3.0 d和回流比300%，对应试验中的处理4，其出水的COD、NH4+-N和TP质量浓度分别为(69.3±48.7)、(10.0±8.2)和(14.0±9.9) mg/L，相应的去除率分别为97.8%±1.5%、93.8%±5.0%和81.5%±14.2%。MBR出水可采用紫外线杀菌，杀菌后出水可望回用于圈舍冲洗以减少猪场生产的水资源消耗。
오수처리시목전저장폐기물오염방치적난제，결합저장오수원수가생화성교호적특점，작자개전료침몰식막생물반응기（MBR）처리저장오수운행삼수우화시험연구。시험선택3충용해양질량농도（DO：＜1.5、1.5～3.0화＞3.0 mg/L）、3충수력정류시간（HRT：0.75、1.5화3.0 d）화3충회류비（200%、300%화400%），근거정교시험설계형성9개처리조，분3비재하남성모인공간청분저장진행시험，매비시험운행50 d（20 d순화기+30 d시험기）。MBR유효용적30 L，자동진수화출수，오니정류시간공제재25～30 d，반응기내수온공제재(20±5)℃，조절pH치위7～8。결과표명，당막생물반응기진수화학수양량（COD）、안담（NH4+-N）、총담（TN）화총린（TP）질량농도분별위(3277±1192)、(203.8±51.2)、(361.0±133.3)화(65.0±23.1) mg/L시，출수적COD、NH4+-N、TN화TP질량농도분별위(202±201)，(56.6±54.0)、(91.6±69.1)화(19.2±10.0) mg/L，대응적거제솔분별위94.3%±5.8%、70.0%±27.2%、70.7%±20.7%화68.3%±17.4%。MBR재거제오염물적동시，대오수중분대장균군구유교호적거제작용，거제솔체도99.9%±0.08%，시험중86.4%적MBR출수분대장균군수능체도국가표준적위생학지표요구。통과정교시험적겁차분석발현운행삼수대COD화NH4+-N거제효과적영향순서위DO＞HRT＞회류비，대TP거제효과영향적순서위HRT＞DO＞회류비，병우화출MBR최가운행삼수위DO 1.5～3.0 mg/L、HRT 3.0 d화회류비300%，대응시험중적처리4，기출수적COD、NH4+-N화TP질량농도분별위(69.3±48.7)、(10.0±8.2)화(14.0±9.9) mg/L，상응적거제솔분별위97.8%±1.5%、93.8%±5.0%화81.5%±14.2%。MBR출수가채용자외선살균，살균후출수가망회용우권사충세이감소저장생산적수자원소모。
Waste-water is very difficult to treat, especially the waste water from swine farms with high contents of organic matters. Addressing the environmental problems incurred by waste-water is important for the swine farms for their sustainable development. The raw waste-water from swine farm in this study was treated by submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR). Three levels of dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO: <1.5 mg/L, 1.5~3.0 mg/L, and >3.0 mg/L), three levels of hydraulic retention times (HRT: 0.75 d, 1.5 d and 3.0 d) and three levels of reflux ratios (RR, 200%, 300%, and 400%) were used to form nine combined experiments treatments using the orthogonal design. The nine treatments were conducted in three batches in a swine farm with manual manure dry-collection method. The farm was located in Henan province. The MBR was designed with an available volume of 30 L, and the inside temperatures of bioreactors were controlled at (25±5)℃ by heating rods, and the pH values were maintained around 7~8 by addition of acid or alkali. During the experiments, waste-water was pumped to MBR automatically, and sludge retention time (SRT) was controlled at 25-30 d. Each batch of the experiments lasted for 50 d, including 20 d of acclimatization and 30 d for the trial. The results showed that the average concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of the MBR effluents were( 202±201) mg/L, (56.6±54.0)mg/L, (91.6±69.1) mg/L and (19.2±10.0) mg/L when the influent having COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP concentrations of (3277±1192) mg/L, (203.8±51.2) mg/L, (361.0±133.3) mg/L, and (65.0±23.1) mg/L, respectively. The corresponding removal rates of MBR were 93.6%±9.5%, 70.0%±27.2%, 70.7%±20.7% and 68.3%±17.4%, respectively for each of these measured parameters. MBR could also remove the fecal coliforms from waste water efficiently. A removal rate of (99.9±0.08)% was observed, and the amount of fecal coliforms in effluents ranged from 30 to 19,350 count/L. About 86.4% of the effluent could meet the hygiene requirements of the national standard. The range analysis results indicated that the importance order of operational parameters on the removal of COD and NH4+-N was DO>HRT>RR, while the order for the TP removal was HRT> DO>RR. When DO increased from <1.5 mg/L to 1.5-3.0 mg/L, the removal rates of COD, NH4+-N, and TN increased significantly (P<0.01). However, when DO was further increased to >3.0 mg/L, significant difference (P<0.01) was only observed in the removal rate of NH4+-N. In comparison with HRT of 0.75 d, the removal rates of COD NH4+-N and TP increased significantly (P<0.01) under HRT of 1.5 d. As for reflux rate (RR), the removal rates of NH4+-N and TN at RR of 300% were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those at RR of 200%, but significant differences (P<0.05) in the removal rates of COD and TP were observed between RR of 300% and RR of 400%. With reference to range analysis results, the optimized operational conditions of MBR were DO of 1.5~3.0 mg/L, HRT of 3.0 d and RR of 300%, which corresponded to the Treatment 4 in the experiments, in which the COD, NH4+-N, TP concentrations were (69.3±48.7) mg/L, (10.0±8.2) mg/L and (14.0±9.9)mg/L, respectively, and the corresponding removal rates were 97.8%±1.5%, 93.8%±5.0% and 81.5%±14.2%, respectively. The effluent from MBR could be disinfected using ultraviolet to ensure biosecurity if the disinfected effluent was recycled for on farm flushing, which implicates the water resource conservation in swine production.