农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
16期
96-101
,共6页
刘鹏%范立云%白云%马修真%宋恩哲
劉鵬%範立雲%白雲%馬脩真%宋恩哲
류붕%범립운%백운%마수진%송은철
阀%有限元法%模型%高速电磁阀%电磁力%试验设计
閥%有限元法%模型%高速電磁閥%電磁力%試驗設計
벌%유한원법%모형%고속전자벌%전자력%시험설계
valves%finite element method%models%high-speed solenoid valve%electromagnetic force%design of experiment
为提高高速电磁阀动态响应速度，采用近似模型方法，以建立电磁阀多物理场零维近似耦合模型，实现其性能高效预测及优化。首先创建了柴油机电控单体泵高速电磁阀电磁力有限元计算模型，并通过与试验对比验证了模型的精度。结合面中心复合设计、嵌套中心复合设计、最优拉丁超立方设计与二次多项式响应面模型、Kriging模型、径向基函数模型，构建了18组电磁力近似模型。分析了不同样本点集大小、试验设计方法及近似方法对近似模型精度的影响。得出近似模型的精度随着样本点集的增大并非呈现单调递增的关系；而最优拉丁超立方试验设计与Kriging模型、径向基函数模型具有良好的适应性。构建高速电磁阀工作气隙、驱动电流、线圈匝数、副磁极半径、衔铁厚度、衔铁半径等关键参数的电磁力近似模型最佳方案是最优拉丁方试验设计与Kriging模型的组合，样本点集大小为二次多项式响应面模型所需最少样本点数的1.5倍，模型复相关系数、平均绝对误差、均方根误差值分别为0.97、0.06、0.09。该研究为高速电磁阀多物理场零维近似耦合模型的建立及其优化提供了参考。
為提高高速電磁閥動態響應速度，採用近似模型方法，以建立電磁閥多物理場零維近似耦閤模型，實現其性能高效預測及優化。首先創建瞭柴油機電控單體泵高速電磁閥電磁力有限元計算模型，併通過與試驗對比驗證瞭模型的精度。結閤麵中心複閤設計、嵌套中心複閤設計、最優拉丁超立方設計與二次多項式響應麵模型、Kriging模型、徑嚮基函數模型，構建瞭18組電磁力近似模型。分析瞭不同樣本點集大小、試驗設計方法及近似方法對近似模型精度的影響。得齣近似模型的精度隨著樣本點集的增大併非呈現單調遞增的關繫；而最優拉丁超立方試驗設計與Kriging模型、徑嚮基函數模型具有良好的適應性。構建高速電磁閥工作氣隙、驅動電流、線圈匝數、副磁極半徑、銜鐵厚度、銜鐵半徑等關鍵參數的電磁力近似模型最佳方案是最優拉丁方試驗設計與Kriging模型的組閤，樣本點集大小為二次多項式響應麵模型所需最少樣本點數的1.5倍，模型複相關繫數、平均絕對誤差、均方根誤差值分彆為0.97、0.06、0.09。該研究為高速電磁閥多物理場零維近似耦閤模型的建立及其優化提供瞭參攷。
위제고고속전자벌동태향응속도，채용근사모형방법，이건립전자벌다물리장령유근사우합모형，실현기성능고효예측급우화。수선창건료시유궤전공단체빙고속전자벌전자력유한원계산모형，병통과여시험대비험증료모형적정도。결합면중심복합설계、감투중심복합설계、최우랍정초립방설계여이차다항식향응면모형、Kriging모형、경향기함수모형，구건료18조전자력근사모형。분석료불동양본점집대소、시험설계방법급근사방법대근사모형정도적영향。득출근사모형적정도수착양본점집적증대병비정현단조체증적관계；이최우랍정초립방시험설계여Kriging모형、경향기함수모형구유량호적괄응성。구건고속전자벌공작기극、구동전류、선권잡수、부자겁반경、함철후도、함철반경등관건삼수적전자력근사모형최가방안시최우랍정방시험설계여Kriging모형적조합，양본점집대소위이차다항식향응면모형소수최소양본점수적1.5배，모형복상관계수、평균절대오차、균방근오차치분별위0.97、0.06、0.09。해연구위고속전자벌다물리장령유근사우합모형적건립급기우화제공료삼고。
High-speed solenoid valve (HSV) is the key component of electronic control fuel injection system for diesel engine. Improving the dynamic response speed of HSV will be able to achieve higher injection precision and more flexible fuel injection law, thus reducing gas emissions of diesel engine and improving its fuel economy. However, HSV is the complex coupling system of electric field, magnetic field, mechanical movement and flow field, and the interactions of multiple parameters exist between the fields for HSV. To improve the dynamic response speed of HSV is a complex optimization problem of multiple physical field and multiple parameters. A zero-dimensional approximation coupling model of HSV can be developed instead of the CAE (computer aided engineering) models or physical experiments, which conduces to achieve the efficient prediction and global optimization of performances. So the approximation model method was employed in this paper. First, the structure and principle of HSV for electronic unit pump of diesel engine were presented. Second, the three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of HSV was developed to calculate the electromagnetic force, and its accuracy was verified by means of the comparison with experimental data. Third, 3 major methods of experimental design, i.e. central composite faced-centered design (CCF), central composite inscribed design (CCI) and optimal latin hypercube design (OLH), and 3 typical approximation methods, i.e. quadratic polynomial response surface model (RSM), Kriging model (KR) and radial basis function model (RBF) were introduced. Fourth, 6 key parameters including 2 field coupling parameters, i.e. working air gap and drive current, and 4 structure parameters, i.e. coil turns, side pole radius, thickness and radius of armature were determined for establishing the approximate models. Next, 6 groups of sample points were designed, whose response values of electromagnetic forces were obtained by the 3D finite element model of HSV. Four of the groups were designed with different sizes by the OLH, and the other 2 groups were designed by the CCF and CCI. Then, 18 groups of electromagnetic force approximation models were developed by combining the 6 groups of experimental design with the 3 typical approximation methods introduced. To compare the accuracy of approximation models, 3 kinds of evaluation indices were introduced. They were multiple correlation coefficient, average absolute error and root mean square error respectively. In the end, the effects of different sample point sizes, experimental design methods and approximate methods on the accuracy of electromagnetic force approximation models were analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the accuracy of approximate model doesn't increase monotonically with the increase of the set size of sample points, and too many sample points maybe leads to the decrease of the accuracy of approximate model; the OLH has good adaptability with the KR and RBF, and can be given priority for developing approximation models. In addition, the best solution for establishing electromagnetic force approximation model of HSV is the combination of the KR and OLH, whose size of sample points is 1.5 times of the minimum sample points required by the quadratic polynomial response surface model. Its multiple correlation coefficient, average absolute error and root mean square error are 0.97, 0.06 and 0.09 respectively. It provides a theoretical guidance for the establishment of the zero-dimensional approximation coupling model and the optimization of HSV.
