CAJ | 학술논문

农业机械化发展水平是反映农业机械化发展的一个重要指标，是分析、衡量农业机械化发展的基础。目前普遍使用的农业机械化作业水平是根据种植业中的“耕、种、收”生产环节的机械化程度加权平均得到的；在农业机械化作业水平的基础上，将农业劳动力占全社会从业人员的比例纳入评价范围，对农业机械化作业水平进行修正，可得到农业机械化水平；而根据农业机械作业费用占农业劳动力、畜力和机械作业总费用的比例可得到农业机械化指数。对比分析农业机械化作业水平、农业机械化水平和农业机械化指数可以发现，农业机械化作业水平由于仅考虑了种植业中的“耕、种、收”生产环节的机械化程度，没有反映农业机械对农业劳动力的替代作用，不能准确反映农业机械化发展水平，更适于评价农业机械作业情况。而农业机械化水平和农业机械化指数既包含农业机械作业情况，也包含了农业机械对农业劳动力的替代作用，因此，能够更准确地反映农业机械化发展的真实情况。但由于农业机械化水平是在现行的农业机械化作业水平基础上修正而得到的，可操作性更强。
농업궤계화발전수평시반영농업궤계화발전적일개중요지표，시분석、형량농업궤계화발전적기출。목전보편사용적농업궤계화작업수평시근거충식업중적“경、충、수”생산배절적궤계화정도가권평균득도적；재농업궤계화작업수평적기출상，장농업노동력점전사회종업인원적비례납입평개범위，대농업궤계화작업수평진행수정，가득도농업궤계화수평；이근거농업궤계작업비용점농업노동력、축력화궤계작업총비용적비례가득도농업궤계화지수。대비분석농업궤계화작업수평、농업궤계화수평화농업궤계화지수가이발현，농업궤계화작업수평유우부고필료충식업중적“경、충、수”생산배절적궤계화정도，몰유반영농업궤계대농업노동력적체대작용，불능준학반영농업궤계화발전수평，경괄우평개농업궤계작업정황。이농업궤계화수평화농업궤계화지수기포함농업궤계작업정황，야포함료농업궤계대농업노동력적체대작용，인차，능구경준학지반영농업궤계화발전적진실정황。단유우농업궤계화수평시재현행적농업궤계화작업수평기출상수정이득도적，가조작성경강。
The development level of agricultural mechanization is an important index to reflect the extent of agricultural mechanization, and also is the foundation to analyze and measure the grade of agricultural mechanization. The evaluating methods were researched for the development level of agricultural mechanization from the 2 aspects of agricultural mechanization operation and farming machines in place of peasants. According to the concept of agricultural mechanization, the basic characteristics of the agricultural mechanization development were scientifically revealed in different stages, which had the certain theoretical and practical significance. Currently the adopted agricultural mechanization operation level was obtained based on the weighted average method of agricultural mechanization degree of “farming”, “planting” and“harvesting”in agricultural production process. Agricultural mechanization level was attained by the revision of agricultural mechanization operation level, which was adding the proportion of agricultural labors in total social workers in the evaluation system; agricultural mechanization index indicated the proportion of agricultural mechanization operation cost in total operation costs including mechanized, animal and manual operation costs. Through the comparative analysis among agricultural mechanization operation level, agricultural mechanization level and agricultural mechanization index, the results showed that agricultural mechanization operation level was suitable to evaluate agricultural mechanization operation degree, while could not truly assess the development of agricultural mechanization, because it only considered the mechanization level of the“farming”,“planting”and“harvesting”links in agricultural production process, and did not reflect the effect of farming machines in place of farmers. Nevertheless, agricultural mechanization level and agricultural mechanization index could more accurately reflect the real situation of agricultural mechanization development, because they synthetically took account of the agricultural labor decrease and farming machine operation. Although the 2 calculation methods were different, both of the results were consistent to support each other. Therefore, they could more accurately reflect the real development of agricultural mechanization. Relatively speaking, the maneuverability of agricultural mechanization level was stronger than agricultural mechanization index, because it was obtained from the modification of current agricultural mechanization operation level. In a word, the corresponding evaluation index should be chosen according to the needs and the actual situation in the evaluation process of agricultural mechanization development, but each index should be paid attention to its merits and demerits in the concrete operating practice.