湖南大学学报(社会科学版)
湖南大學學報(社會科學版)
호남대학학보(사회과학판)
JOURNAL OF HUNAN UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION)
2015年
4期
5-11
,共7页
中%诚%鬼神%不诚无物%戒慎恐惧
中%誠%鬼神%不誠無物%戒慎恐懼
중%성%귀신%불성무물%계신공구
Zhong%Cheng%ghosts and gods%crucial importance of Cheng%standing in awe and veneration
商周时代人们信仰上帝鬼神,春秋战国时期老子提出了以“无”为本的哲学本体论。至子思,则提出以“中”和“诚”为本的哲学本体论。子思认为,“中”和“诚”虽无形影,却具有与上帝、鬼神一样的至上性和神妙性,它已经不仅是一般学者所理解的“时中”之“中”和诚信之“诚”,它同时是“天下之大本”和“天之道”。后世儒者因而称子思善于“体道”。大凡“本体”问题,皆很难证实或证伪,但将“中”和“诚”视作“本体”,便使之进入了信仰的层面。子思在孔子创立仁学的哲学思想体系之后,又建立了“中”和“诚”的哲学思想体系,从而大大丰富和发展了儒学思想。
商週時代人們信仰上帝鬼神,春鞦戰國時期老子提齣瞭以“無”為本的哲學本體論。至子思,則提齣以“中”和“誠”為本的哲學本體論。子思認為,“中”和“誠”雖無形影,卻具有與上帝、鬼神一樣的至上性和神妙性,它已經不僅是一般學者所理解的“時中”之“中”和誠信之“誠”,它同時是“天下之大本”和“天之道”。後世儒者因而稱子思善于“體道”。大凡“本體”問題,皆很難證實或證偽,但將“中”和“誠”視作“本體”,便使之進入瞭信仰的層麵。子思在孔子創立仁學的哲學思想體繫之後,又建立瞭“中”和“誠”的哲學思想體繫,從而大大豐富和髮展瞭儒學思想。
상주시대인문신앙상제귀신,춘추전국시기노자제출료이“무”위본적철학본체론。지자사,칙제출이“중”화“성”위본적철학본체론。자사인위,“중”화“성”수무형영,각구유여상제、귀신일양적지상성화신묘성,타이경불부시일반학자소리해적“시중”지“중”화성신지“성”,타동시시“천하지대본”화“천지도”。후세유자인이칭자사선우“체도”。대범“본체”문제,개흔난증실혹증위,단장“중”화“성”시작“본체”,편사지진입료신앙적층면。자사재공자창립인학적철학사상체계지후,우건립료“중”화“성”적철학사상체계,종이대대봉부화발전료유학사상。
In Shang and Zhou Era,people believed in ghosts and gods.During the Spring and Autumn Period,Lao-tzu put forward the ontological idea “Wu”.Later,Zisi put forward his the idea of “Zhong”and “Cheng”.Zisi held the view that'Zhong'and'Cheng'had supreme and marvelous properties like ghosts and gods,although they were intangible.In these two ideas,the meaning of “Zhong”is not simply equa-ted with its connotation in the phrase “Shi Zhong”,while “Cheng”does not accord with “honesty”here ei-ther.Instead,the two ideas stand for both “foundation of the world”and “Tao of the heaven”.Therefore, Confucians in later ages believed that Zisi was skillful in “interpreting Tao”.Generally speaking,it is diffi-cult to demonstrate or disprove problems concerning ontology.However,taking'Zhong'and'Cheng'as the ontology makes it possible to put the discussion in the level of faith.Zisi established the philosophical sys-tem consisted of “Zhong”and “Cheng”after the Benevolence System founded by Confucius,which signifi-cantly prospered Confucianism.