CAJ | 학술논문

生产水足迹(WFP)是指生产单位产品所消耗的水资源，一般用单位质量农产品所需要的水的体积来表示作物生产水足迹。气候变化对生产水足迹的影响是农业生产者关心的重要科学问题。本文以内蒙古自治区武川县主要作物马铃薯、春小麦为例，基于1983-2010年气象数据及生育期资料，修正作物系数，应用CROPWAT模型，计算作物生产水足迹，分析气候变化对作物生产水足迹的影响。结果表明：（1）近28a来，武川县气候呈干暖化变化趋势，马铃薯和春小麦生产水足迹呈显著下降趋势（P＜0.05）；（2）气候变化对作物生产水足迹影响显著，生育期平均相对湿度、平均气温和平均日较差对马铃薯生产水足迹影响较大，生育期平均风速和平均日较差对春小麦生产水足迹影响较大；（3）1983-2010年马铃薯平均生产水足迹为1.37m3·kg?1，春小麦平均生产水足迹为2.51m3·kg?1，说明在当地生产单位质量的干物质，春小麦比马铃薯消耗更多水分。在该地区适当增加马铃薯播种面积，对提高水资源利用效率，促进地区农业发展具有重要作用。
생산수족적(WFP)시지생산단위산품소소모적수자원，일반용단위질량농산품소수요적수적체적래표시작물생산수족적。기후변화대생산수족적적영향시농업생산자관심적중요과학문제。본문이내몽고자치구무천현주요작물마령서、춘소맥위례，기우1983-2010년기상수거급생육기자료，수정작물계수，응용CROPWAT모형，계산작물생산수족적，분석기후변화대작물생산수족적적영향。결과표명：（1）근28a래，무천현기후정간난화변화추세，마령서화춘소맥생산수족적정현저하강추세（P＜0.05）；（2）기후변화대작물생산수족적영향현저，생육기평균상대습도、평균기온화평균일교차대마령서생산수족적영향교대，생육기평균풍속화평균일교차대춘소맥생산수족적영향교대；（3）1983-2010년마령서평균생산수족적위1.37m3·kg?1，춘소맥평균생산수족적위2.51m3·kg?1，설명재당지생산단위질량적간물질，춘소맥비마령서소모경다수분。재해지구괄당증가마령서파충면적，대제고수자원이용효솔，촉진지구농업발전구유중요작용。
The water footprint of production (WFP) refers to the water resource consumed per unit of products. For crops, WFP is represented by the volume of water needed to produce per unit mass of products. The impact of climate change on the water footprint of production is an important scientific issue about which agricultural producers concern. Based on the climate data and data of crop growth period, the paper took the main crops potato and spring wheat in Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia as examples. With modified crop coefficients and CROPWAT model, the water footprint of crop production was calculated, and the climate change impacts on water footprint of production were analyzed. The results showed that: (1)the climate in Wuchuan County presented the tendency of being warmer and drier during 1983-2010, and the water footprint of potato and spring wheat production showed a significantly downward trend in the past 28 years(P<0.05); (2)Water footprint of crop production was significantly affected by climate change, and the average relative humidity, average temperature and average diurnal range over the growth period were closely related to the water footprint of potato production. For spring wheat, the average wind speed and average diurnal range over the growth period were the main impact factors; (3)The average water footprint of potato production during 1983-2010 was 1.37m3·kg?1, and for spring wheat,it was 2.51m3·kg?1. From the view of the production of per unit mass of dry matter, spring wheat consumed more water than potato. Therefore,appropriate increase in potato acreage is an effective approach to improve water use efficiency, and it can further promote regional agricultural development.