CAJ | 학술논문

美国作家西奥多·德莱赛的第一部长篇小说《嘉莉妹妹》一向被文学界划分为自然主义作品。文章从存在主义视角解读该作品，认为如果从赫斯特伍德的视角来分析，在失去工作之后，他不能适应残酷的社会环境，最后自杀身亡，这部小说是自然主义作品；如果从嘉莉的视角来看，则要从两方面来分析：为了在大城市生存她不得不先后与德鲁埃、赫斯特伍德同居，是达尔文“适者生存”理论的化身，从这个视角来看，此部作品也算是自然主义作品，但是如果从故事情节发展来看，嘉莉积极进取，凭靠明确的目标、表演天赋、机灵、自信、勤奋好学、竞争意识、要求男女平等的现代女性意识而脱颖而出，实现了其美国梦———物质上的成功，成为百老汇一颗耀眼的明星，该小说则不属于自然主义作品。嘉莉“美国梦”的实现固然与两位男人德鲁埃和赫斯特伍德的帮助分不开，更重要的却是她有明确的目标、自信、好学、努力。
미국작가서오다·덕래새적제일부장편소설《가리매매》일향피문학계화분위자연주의작품。문장종존재주의시각해독해작품，인위여과종혁사특오덕적시각래분석，재실거공작지후，타불능괄응잔혹적사회배경，최후자살신망，저부소설시자연주의작품；여과종가리적시각래간，칙요종량방면래분석：위료재대성시생존저불득불선후여덕로애、혁사특오덕동거，시체이문“괄자생존”이론적화신，종저개시각래간，차부작품야산시자연주의작품，단시여과종고사정절발전래간，가리적겁진취，빙고명학적목표、표연천부、궤령、자신、근강호학、경쟁의식、요구남녀평등적현대녀성의식이탈영이출，실현료기미국몽———물질상적성공，성위백로회일과요안적명성，해소설칙불속우자연주의작품。가리“미국몽”적실현고연여량위남인덕로애화혁사특오덕적방조분불개，경중요적각시저유명학적목표、자신、호학、노력。
Sister Carrie, the first novel of American writer Theodore Dreiser, is regarded as a naturalistic works in the literary field. This paper aims to analyze the novel from the perspective of existentialism, arguing that if the novel is seen from Hurstwood’ s point of view, after the loss of his job, he can not adapt to the environment and commits suicide, it is a naturalistic works;if it is seen from Carrie’ s viewpoint, it is necessary to explain it in two aspects as follows:on the one hand, she has to live with Drouet and Hurstwood respectively in order to make a living in the big city, and she is the embodiment of the Darwinian concept of “the survival of the fittest”, it is a naturalistic works;on the other hand, however, if viewed from the plot development, she fulfills her “American Dream”—material success and a star in Broadway by means of her talent, confidence, aspiration, good luck, youth, beauty, definite goals, sense of competition, pursuit of equality between man and woman and hard work de-spite Drouet’ s and Hurstwood’ s aid to some extent, it is not a naturalistic works.