CAJ | 학술논문

为探明湖南长沙和贵州兴义2个生态点水稻产量差异、干物质积累及其分配特点和氮素吸收利用率规律，2014年以五优308、珞优9348、玉香油占和黄华占为材料，进行不施氮（0 kg/hm2）、中氮（161.25 kg/hm2）、高氮（225 kg/hm2）处理的大田栽培试验。结果表明：（1）兴义生态点的平均产量为11.98 t/hm2，比长沙点显著高23.82%；2个生态点品种间产量表现一致，均以五优308产量最高（9.41~12.80 t/hm2），其次为珞优9348、黄华占和玉香油占，除珞优9348外，五优308显著高于其他品种。（2）兴义点有效穗数、结实率和千粒重分别比长沙点高35.27%、11.13%和3.66%，差异达到显著水平，2生态点均以有效穗数对产量的贡献最大，其次兴义点为千粒重、长沙点为每穗粒数。（3）生态点间移栽-齐穗期干物质积累量、成熟期干物质总量和收获指数差异显著，兴义点分别比长沙点增加22.95%、27.59%和5.07%。（4）兴义点氮素吸收量和氮素偏生产力分别为21.97 g/m2和64.86 kg/kg，分别较长沙点高29.40%和26.15%，差异显著；随施氮量增加，氮素吸收利用率、农学利用率、生理利用率和偏生产力均表现为下降的趋势。可见，兴义点齐穗期较高的干物质转运率和后期干物质生产优势及其较高的有效穗数、结实率和千粒重是其获得高产的主要原因。
위탐명호남장사화귀주흥의2개생태점수도산량차이、간물질적루급기분배특점화담소흡수이용솔규률，2014년이오우308、락우9348、옥향유점화황화점위재료，진행불시담（0 kg/hm2）、중담（161.25 kg/hm2）、고담（225 kg/hm2）처리적대전재배시험。결과표명：（1）흥의생태점적평균산량위11.98 t/hm2，비장사점현저고23.82%；2개생태점품충간산량표현일치，균이오우308산량최고（9.41~12.80 t/hm2），기차위락우9348、황화점화옥향유점，제락우9348외，오우308현저고우기타품충。（2）흥의점유효수수、결실솔화천립중분별비장사점고35.27%、11.13%화3.66%，차이체도현저수평，2생태점균이유효수수대산량적공헌최대，기차흥의점위천립중、장사점위매수립수。（3）생태점간이재-제수기간물질적루량、성숙기간물질총량화수획지수차이현저，흥의점분별비장사점증가22.95%、27.59%화5.07%。（4）흥의점담소흡수량화담소편생산력분별위21.97 g/m2화64.86 kg/kg，분별교장사점고29.40%화26.15%，차이현저；수시담량증가，담소흡수이용솔、농학이용솔、생리이용솔화편생산력균표현위하강적추세。가견，흥의점제수기교고적간물질전운솔화후기간물질생산우세급기교고적유효수수、결실솔화천립중시기획득고산적주요원인。
To study the difference of grain yield, dry matter accumulation and distribution and nitrogen use efficiency for rice cultivars under two different ecological locations(Changsha, Hunan Province and Xingyi, Guizhou Province), experiments were conducted with Wuyou 308, Luoyou 9348, Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan under three nitrogen rates (0 kg/hm2, 161.25 kg/hm2 and 225 kg/hm2). The results showed that: (1) the grain yield was 11.98 t/hm2 in Xingyi, which significantly produced 23.82%more grain yield than that in Changsha. There was a consistent trend in grain yield for all cultivars under two ecological locations, which the grain yield of Wuyou 308 (9.41~12.80 t/hm2) was highest, then Luoyou 9348, Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan, and there was a significant difference in grain yield attained by Wuyou 308 comparing with Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan. (2) Panicles per m2, grain fill-ing rate and 1 000-grain weight were significantly higher by 22.95%, 27.59% and 5.07%, respectively, in Xingyi than those in Changsha. Furthermore, panicles per m2 had the highest contribution to grain yield at two locations, then 1 000-grain yield in Xingyi and spikelets per panicle in Changsha.(3) There was significant difference in dry matter at heading stage and maturity stage between two locations, and respectively higher by 22.95%, 27.59%and 5.07%in Xingyi than those in Changsha.(4) Nitrogen uptake and par-tial fertilizer efficiency were 21.97 g/m2 and 64.86 kg/kg in Xingyi, respectively, which significantly higher by 29.40% and 26.15%comparing with Changsha. RE, AE, PE and PFP decreased with increasing nitrogen rate. Therefore, Xingyi produced more grain yield due to higher dry matter transportation rate and dry matter accumulation after heading stage, panicles per m 2, grain filling rate and 1 000-grain weight.