太平洋学报
太平洋學報
태평양학보
PACIFIC JOURNAL
2015年
8期
33-42
,共10页
民主%联盟%履行承诺%可靠性
民主%聯盟%履行承諾%可靠性
민주%련맹%리행승낙%가고성
democracy%alliance%fulfill commitments%reliability
“民主联盟可靠论”是国际关系学“民主理论家族”中的新成员。它认为,民主制度可以缓解国际无政府状态中履行联盟承诺的难题,民主国家做出的联盟承诺更加可靠。其具体表现是:与含有专制国家的联盟相比,民主国家之间的联盟更加持久。因为民主国家的领导人受到的制度约束较高、政策制定的灵活性较低、国内施加的违约成本较高,并且具有遵守契约的文化规范。但是,正如其批评者所指出的,民主联盟可靠论采用了一种不准确的方法来衡量联盟承诺的可靠性,即以联盟持续时间代替联盟成员履行联盟承诺的实际行为;过于强调民主制度的优点,而忽视了民主制度的缺点,如委托—代理难题、适应国际环境变化的能力相对较弱和使用武力的难题。这些缺点使民主国家比专制国家更不可能履行联盟承诺。
“民主聯盟可靠論”是國際關繫學“民主理論傢族”中的新成員。它認為,民主製度可以緩解國際無政府狀態中履行聯盟承諾的難題,民主國傢做齣的聯盟承諾更加可靠。其具體錶現是:與含有專製國傢的聯盟相比,民主國傢之間的聯盟更加持久。因為民主國傢的領導人受到的製度約束較高、政策製定的靈活性較低、國內施加的違約成本較高,併且具有遵守契約的文化規範。但是,正如其批評者所指齣的,民主聯盟可靠論採用瞭一種不準確的方法來衡量聯盟承諾的可靠性,即以聯盟持續時間代替聯盟成員履行聯盟承諾的實際行為;過于彊調民主製度的優點,而忽視瞭民主製度的缺點,如委託—代理難題、適應國際環境變化的能力相對較弱和使用武力的難題。這些缺點使民主國傢比專製國傢更不可能履行聯盟承諾。
“민주련맹가고론”시국제관계학“민주이론가족”중적신성원。타인위,민주제도가이완해국제무정부상태중리행련맹승낙적난제,민주국가주출적련맹승낙경가가고。기구체표현시:여함유전제국가적련맹상비,민주국가지간적련맹경가지구。인위민주국가적령도인수도적제도약속교고、정책제정적령활성교저、국내시가적위약성본교고,병차구유준수계약적문화규범。단시,정여기비평자소지출적,민주련맹가고론채용료일충불준학적방법래형량련맹승낙적가고성,즉이련맹지속시간대체련맹성원리행련맹승낙적실제행위;과우강조민주제도적우점,이홀시료민주제도적결점,여위탁—대리난제、괄응국제배경변화적능력상대교약화사용무력적난제。저사결점사민주국가비전제국가경불가능리행련맹승낙。
Democratic alliance reliabilism is a new member of the family of democratic approaches in Inter-national Relations.It argues that democratic institution can mitigate the problem of fulfilling commitments under international anarchy and make democratic states'alliance commitments more reliable.The specific manifestation is that the alliances among democratic states are more durable than those containing autocratic states.By contrast to the leaders in autocratic states,the leaders in democratic states are encountered with higher degree of institution constraint,lower flexibility in policy decision and higher default cost imposed by domestic audience,and are endowed with a cultural norm of compliance with contract.But,as pointed out by its critics,democratic alliance reliabilism measured the reliability of alliance commitments in an inaccu-rate way,which was the duration of alliance instead of the actual actions of the members of alliance.Meant-hile,democratic alliance reliabilism overemphasized the merits of democracy and ignored the faults of it, such as the problem of principal-agent relationship,the difficulty of accommodating international changes, and the hardness in making a decision of using force.These faults that make democratic states less likely to fulfill alliance commitments than autocratic states.