CAJ | 학술논문

利他性惩罚指一个人选择付出代价去惩罚不公平行为和规则违背行为，以维持长期而稳定的合作行为。代价惩罚的视角回顾近期研究中利他性惩罚的神经基础，主要强调做出惩罚决策背后的神经加工过程。存在四种认知加工过程可能会促使人们在大多数场景中做出利他性决策：不公平厌恶，代价-利益评估，区分自己与他人的社会参照框架以及认知控制。总之，理解利他惩罚决策背后的核心神经加工机制有助于了解人类的利他行为。
이타성징벌지일개인선택부출대개거징벌불공평행위화규칙위배행위，이유지장기이은정적합작행위。대개징벌적시각회고근기연구중이타성징벌적신경기출，주요강조주출징벌결책배후적신경가공과정。존재사충인지가공과정가능회촉사인문재대다수장경중주출이타성결책：불공평염악，대개-이익평고，구분자기여타인적사회삼조광가이급인지공제。총지，리해이타징벌결책배후적핵심신경가공궤제유조우료해인류적이타행위。
Altruistic punishment,which occurs when an individual incurs a cost to punish unfairness or norm violation, may play a role in perpetuating cooperation.The neural mechanism underlying costly punishment has only recently begun to be explored.Here we review current studies on the neural basis of altruism from the perspectives of costly punishment,emphasi-zing the importance of elementary neural processes underlying a decision to punish.Particularly,there are four cognitive proces-ses that contribute to the decision to altruistically punish in most situations:inequity aversion,cost-benefit calculation,social reference frame to distinguish self from others and cognitive control.Overall,understanding the neural mechanism of altruistic punishment with respect to the core computations necessary to achieve a decision to punish is useful for us to learn the altruistic behavior of human being.