CAJ | 학술논문

为探明超级杂交稻与常规稻产量、干物质生产及氮、磷、钾养分吸收利用的特点，以穗粒结构相近的超级杂交稻品种两优培九、Y两优1号和常规稻品种黄华占、玉香油占为材料，于2011-2013年在长沙（N 28°12′）进行了高氮（225 kg/hm2）、中氮（113～161 kg/hm2）、不施氮（0 kg/hm2）处理的大田栽培试验。结果表明，超级杂交稻平均产量9.55和9.57 t/hm2，比黄华占增产5.99%，比玉香油占增产9.38%，增产显著；成熟期平均干物质积累量18.05和18.24 t/hm2，分别比黄华占、玉香油占增加7.12%和11.22%，差异显著；氮吸收量为189.5～193.9 kg/hm2，分别比黄华占和玉香油占增加5.45%和4.41%，但产量与N、P、K吸收量之间呈非线性二次函数关系，复相关系数显著；每667 m2氮、磷、钾需要量分别为19.79和20.09 kg、3.90和4.09 kg、20.57和22.37 kg，显著低于常规稻品种，并且在施氮肥条件下，产量与N、P、K养分需要量之间为显著线性相关；氮肥吸收利用率和偏生产率的品种间差异显著，农学利用率和生理利用率品种间差异不显著；超级杂交稻氮收获指数为68.6%和69.1%，显著高于常规稻（62.7%和64.0%），但品种间氮素籽粒生产效率的差异不显著。可见，超级杂交稻高产与N、P、K养分高效利用相协调。
위탐명초급잡교도여상규도산량、간물질생산급담、린、갑양분흡수이용적특점，이수립결구상근적초급잡교도품충량우배구、Y량우1호화상규도품충황화점、옥향유점위재료，우2011-2013년재장사（N 28°12′）진행료고담（225 kg/hm2）、중담（113～161 kg/hm2）、불시담（0 kg/hm2）처리적대전재배시험。결과표명，초급잡교도평균산량9.55화9.57 t/hm2，비황화점증산5.99%，비옥향유점증산9.38%，증산현저；성숙기평균간물질적루량18.05화18.24 t/hm2，분별비황화점、옥향유점증가7.12%화11.22%，차이현저；담흡수량위189.5～193.9 kg/hm2，분별비황화점화옥향유점증가5.45%화4.41%，단산량여N、P、K흡수량지간정비선성이차함수관계，복상관계수현저；매667 m2담、린、갑수요량분별위19.79화20.09 kg、3.90화4.09 kg、20.57화22.37 kg，현저저우상규도품충，병차재시담비조건하，산량여N、P、K양분수요량지간위현저선성상관；담비흡수이용솔화편생산솔적품충간차이현저，농학이용솔화생리이용솔품충간차이불현저；초급잡교도담수획지수위68.6%화69.1%，현저고우상규도（62.7%화64.0%），단품충간담소자립생산효솔적차이불현저。가견，초급잡교도고산여N、P、K양분고효이용상협조。
To ascertain the characteristics of yield formation, dry matter production and the nutrient uptake and utilization of nitrogen (N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) between super hybrid rice and conventional rice, taking similar panicles size of super hybrid rice(Liangyou peijiu, Y Liangyou 1) and conventional rice(Huanghuazhan, Yuxiangyouzhan) as materials, the field experiment with high N level(225(kg/hm2), medium N level(113~161 kg/hm2), and no N level(0 kg/hm2) was conducted in Changsha(N 28°12′) from 2011 to 2013. The results showed that super hybrid rice yield in average 9.55 and 9.57 t/hm 2 rice grains, produced averagely 18.05 and 18.24 t/hm2 dry matter and assimilated averagely 189.5 and 193.9 kg/hm2 N at maturity stage, of which increased signifi-cantly by 5.99%and 9.38%, 7.12%and 11.22%, 5.45%and 4.41% compared with conventional rice, respectively. Both super hybrid rice and conventional rice showed the nonlinear relationship of quadratic function between the grain yield and the N, P, K uptake rates and the multiple correlation coefficient was significant. Requirements for N, P and K of super hybrid rice were up to 19.79 and 20.09 kg, 3.90 and 4.09 kg, 20.57 and 22.37 kg, respectively, of which was significantly lower than that of conventional varieties. Un-der the condition of nitrogen application, there was a significantly linear correlation between the grain yield and the N, P, K nutrient requirements. Nitrogen recovery efficiency and its partial productivity showed the significant difference among tested varieties, but the agronomy efficiency and physiological utilization efficiency did not show the significant difference among the varieties. Nitrogen har-vest index of super hybrid rice was as high as 68.6% and 69.1% and significantly higher than that of conventional rice (62.7% and 64.0%), but no significant difference of N grain production efficiency was observed among the varieties. It is concluded that the high-yielding super hybrid rice was coordinated with the N, P, K nutrients utilization.