CAJ | 학술논문

优化传统冬小麦-夏玉米模式并探索新型种植模式是挖掘黄淮海区周年高产潜力,提高资源利用效率的重要途径。本研究以冬小麦-夏玉米传统种植模式为对照(CK),建立了冬小麦–夏玉米优化种植模式(T1)和双季玉米模式(T2),于2009—2012年在河南新乡进行田间试验,对其周年资源分配、产量及资源利用效率进行了比较。结果表明：(1) T1模式通过播/收期调整,协调了两季的光、温资源分配比例(0.7∶1.0和1.4∶1.0)； T2模式两季积温基本为均等分配,光照资源分配比例为1.5∶1.0。(2)资源分配的变化引起了产量的变化。与CK比, T1模式周年产量平均增幅为7.8%,其产量的增加主要来自于夏玉米季, T1模式夏玉米季平均叶面积指数(MLAI)、生物量和产量均显著高于CK,且冬小麦晚播并未造成减产。双季玉米(T2)是“双 C4作物”的新型种植模式,其第1季的 MLAI、生物量和产量均显著高于CK和T1,第2季(除MLAI外)显著低于CK和T1。T2与T1周年产量差异不显著,但显著高于CK,平均增幅为9.2%。另外, T2模式周年日产量显著高于CK和T1,平均增幅分别为53.9%和46.2%。(3)T2模式周年光、温生产效率及籽粒光能利用效率显著高于CK和T1,平均增幅分别为30.5%和23.3%,15.5%和9.7%,30.3%和23.0%。综上所述, T1和T2高产高效模式建立的核心均是充分利用C4作物玉米高物质生产能力的优势,二者的建立为黄淮海区周年产量潜力的挖掘及种植结构调整提供了思路。
우화전통동소맥-하옥미모식병탐색신형충식모식시알굴황회해구주년고산잠력,제고자원이용효솔적중요도경。본연구이동소맥-하옥미전통충식모식위대조(CK),건립료동소맥–하옥미우화충식모식(T1)화쌍계옥미모식(T2),우2009—2012년재하남신향진행전간시험,대기주년자원분배、산량급자원이용효솔진행료비교。결과표명：(1) T1모식통과파/수기조정,협조료량계적광、온자원분배비례(0.7∶1.0화1.4∶1.0)； T2모식량계적온기본위균등분배,광조자원분배비례위1.5∶1.0。(2)자원분배적변화인기료산량적변화。여CK비, T1모식주년산량평균증폭위7.8%,기산량적증가주요래자우하옥미계, T1모식하옥미계평균협면적지수(MLAI)、생물량화산량균현저고우CK,차동소맥만파병미조성감산。쌍계옥미(T2)시“쌍 C4작물”적신형충식모식,기제1계적 MLAI、생물량화산량균현저고우CK화T1,제2계(제MLAI외)현저저우CK화T1。T2여T1주년산량차이불현저,단현저고우CK,평균증폭위9.2%。령외, T2모식주년일산량현저고우CK화T1,평균증폭분별위53.9%화46.2%。(3)T2모식주년광、온생산효솔급자립광능이용효솔현저고우CK화T1,평균증폭분별위30.5%화23.3%,15.5%화9.7%,30.3%화23.0%。종상소술, T1화T2고산고효모식건립적핵심균시충분이용C4작물옥미고물질생산능력적우세,이자적건립위황회해구주년산량잠력적알굴급충식결구조정제공료사로。
Optimizing traditional wheat-maize cropping and exploring new cropping system are essential for increasing annual yield and resource use efficiency in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain. The optimized winter wheat-summer maize cropping (T1) and double maize cropping (T2) were established in our field experiment conducted in Xinxiang from 2009 to 2012. The dry matter production, grain yield, and energy (light and temperature) use efficiency were investigated in the two cropping systems and compared with those in traditional cropping system (CK). In the two optimized cropping systems, the distributions of light and temperature between two cropping seasons were adjusted to 0.7:1.0 and 1.4:1.0 in T1 cropping system, and 1.5:1.0 and 1.0:1.0 in T2 cropping system, respectively, by changing the sowing and harvest dates. Under T1 condition, the annual yield in-creased by 7.8% over that of CK (P < 0.05), and the yield promotion was mainly attributed to the significant increase in the sum-mer maize season. Late sowing of winter wheat in T1 system resulted in significant improvements of mean leaf area index (MLAI), above-ground biomass, and grain yield of summer maize, meanwhile with no significant yield loss of winter wheat. T2 is a new high-yield production pattern with double maize growing seasons. In the first season, the MLAI, above-ground biomass, and yield of maize were significantly higher than those of winter wheat in CK and T1. In the second season, the above-ground biomass, and yield of T2 were lower than those of CK and T1. However, the annual yield of T2 was higher than that of CK and had no significant difference to that of T1. Compared to CK and T1, T2 resulted in increases by 53.9% and 46.2% in daily yield, 30.5% and 23.3% in light production efficiency, 15.5% and 9.7% in temperature production efficiency, and 30.3% and 23.0% in light energy use efficiency, respectively. These results indicate that the advantages of high resource use efficiency and production capabilities of C4 crop plays the key role in promoting the annual production capability in T1 and T2. The two optimized cropping systems (T1 and T2) may lighten the thoughts for adjusting production patterns to meet an increasing desire of high yield and resource use efficiency in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain.