CAJ | 학술논문

文章探讨了不同历史时期的心理学家对身体的看法，力图以“身体”为主线，追溯具身认知思潮兴起的历史逻辑。柏拉图从本体论的视角，笛卡尔从认识论的视角，确立了“心”的存在，造就了人类思想文化中的二元论传统。并将物理性质的“身”置于从属地位，开启了“扬心抑身”的历史先河。承袭这样一种思想传统，早期意识心理学忽略身体，机能主义心理学则由于强调意识的功用，重视了身体对环境的适应活动，因而影响了具身认知思潮的兴起。行为主义接受了物理主义还原论，把“心”归于“身”，身心合一，但还原论的观点却受到认知心理学的批评。经典认知心理学在计算与信息科学的影响下，反对物理主义还原论，视认知为可以脱离身体的“程序”或“软件”，身体再次沦落为“载体”但是具身认知的兴起改变了心理学忽略身体的思想传统，它要超越二元论的思想逻辑，贯彻“身心一体”的原则。具身认知范式成为认知心理学的现代取向。
문장탐토료불동역사시기적심이학가대신체적간법，력도이“신체”위주선，추소구신인지사조흥기적역사라집。백랍도종본체론적시각，적잡이종인식론적시각，학립료“심”적존재，조취료인류사상문화중적이원론전통。병장물이성질적“신”치우종속지위，개계료“양심억신”적역사선하。승습저양일충사상전통，조기의식심이학홀략신체，궤능주의심이학칙유우강조의식적공용，중시료신체대배경적괄응활동，인이영향료구신인지사조적흥기。행위주의접수료물리주의환원론，파“심”귀우“신”，신심합일，단환원론적관점각수도인지심이학적비평。경전인지심이학재계산여신식과학적영향하，반대물리주의환원론，시인지위가이탈리신체적“정서”혹“연건”，신체재차륜락위“재체”단시구신인지적흥기개변료심이학홀략신체적사상전통，타요초월이원론적사상라집，관철“신심일체”적원칙。구신인지범식성위인지심이학적현대취향。
Throughout the history of psychology,the body has almost always been in a peripheral position. Separation of the mind and body haunt the intellectual history of psychology from Plato through Descartes to modern period. Wundt and his contemporaries had al-most never been care to pay attention to human body,because the body is the subject of physiology or physics. Titchener followed the steps of Wundt’s tradition,put the body aside and concentrate himself to the analysis of conscious elements. Conversely,functional psy-chology was concerned itself with discovering how human beings are adapted themselves including their own bodies to the changing envi-ronment,instead of dwelling on the analysis of conscious elements. Radical behaviorism reduce mind to physical substance. Early cogni-tive psychologists inherited the tradition of dualism. They take the mind and body as distinct functional substances for granted. The em-bodied approach to psychology offers the possibility of integration of mind and body. Embodied cognition has a promising to replace the information-processing paradigm of cognitive psychology,and become the mainstream of cognitive science.