CAJ | 학술논문

以编码氨单加氧酶基因 amoA 作为氨氧化细菌的功能基因标志物,采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)和扩增产物序列分析方法,研究南疆枣树与棉花间作和单作不同栽培模式下土壤氨氧化细菌群落结构和多样性差异以及与土壤理化因子的相关性.结果表明,枣树与棉花间作改变了土壤氨氧化细菌群落结构组成,与纯枣林、单作棉田差异显著,相似性低于60％.间作复合系统内冠下区、近冠区及不同层次的土壤中氨氧化细菌群落结构具有水平和垂直方向的空间变异性.系统发育分析表明,枣树与棉花间作、纯枣林和单作棉田土壤中氨氧化细菌均隶属于β-变形菌纲(β-Proteobacteria)的亚硝化螺菌属(Nitrosospira )和不可培养的氨氧化细菌,以 Nitrosospira cluster 3a 为优势菌.间作土壤中还有 cluster 3b、cluster 1和 cluster 4,群落组成较单作丰富.典范对应分析结果显示,有机碳(TOC)、全磷(TP)、速效磷(RP)和硝态氮(NO 3-N)含量对不同种植模式下氨氧化细菌的种群结构影响显著(P ＜0．05).枣树与棉花间作显著提高了土壤氨氧化细菌的多样性,Shannon 指数、均匀度指数和丰富度均高于纯枣林和单作棉田.土壤全磷、铵态氮、硝态氮、pH 值和土壤含水量是显著影响多样性指数的关键理化因子(P ＜0．05).
이편마안단가양매기인 amoA 작위안양화세균적공능기인표지물,채용취합매련식반응-변성제도응효전영(PCR-DGGE)화확증산물서렬분석방법,연구남강조수여면화간작화단작불동재배모식하토양안양화세균군락결구화다양성차이이급여토양이화인자적상관성.결과표명,조수여면화간작개변료토양안양화세균군락결구조성,여순조림、단작면전차이현저,상사성저우60％.간작복합계통내관하구、근관구급불동층차적토양중안양화세균군락결구구유수평화수직방향적공간변이성.계통발육분석표명,조수여면화간작、순조림화단작면전토양중안양화세균균대속우β-변형균강(β-Proteobacteria)적아초화라균속(Nitrosospira )화불가배양적안양화세균,이 Nitrosospira cluster 3a 위우세균.간작토양중환유 cluster 3b、cluster 1화 cluster 4,군락조성교단작봉부.전범대응분석결과현시,유궤탄(TOC)、전린(TP)、속효린(RP)화초태담(NO 3-N)함량대불동충식모식하안양화세균적충군결구영향현저(P ＜0．05).조수여면화간작현저제고료토양안양화세균적다양성,Shannon 지수、균균도지수화봉부도균고우순조림화단작면전.토양전린、안태담、초태담、pH 치화토양함수량시현저영향다양성지수적관건이화인자(P ＜0．05).
Using amoA gene encoding ammonia monooxygenase as functional gene marker of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE)tech-nique and sequence analysis method of amplified products were used to analyze the difference from commu-nity structure and diversity of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Southern Xinjiang under different cul-tivation modes of jujube and cotton intercropping and monoculture,which correlated with soil physical and chemical factors.The results revealed that jujube and cotton intercropping changed community structure of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteriain,there were significant differences between pure jujube and monoculture cotton field and the similarity was less than 60%.The community structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the spatial area of the horizontal,vertical directions of interplanting composite system within the crown area,outside the crown area and different depth had large differences.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the soil of jujube and cotton intercropping,pure jujube and monoculture cotton was of Nitrosospira of β-Proteobacteria and uncultured ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,the dominant was Nitrosospira cluster 3a,meanwhile,there were cluster 3b,cluster 1 and cluster 4 in the soil of jujube and cotton intercropping,the sorts of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the soil of jujube and cotton intercrop-ping was more than pure jujube and monoculture cotton.Result of canonical correspondence analysis re-vealed that effect of organic matter,total potassium,rapidly available potassium,NO 3-N content on com-munity structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in different planting patterns was significant difference (P<0.05).Jujube and cotton intercropping significantly increased the diversity of the soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,diversity index,evenness index and richness of jujube cotton intercropping were higher than pure jujube and monoculture cotton.Soil total phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,pH value and soil water content was the key to the physical and chemical factors that affected the diversity index signifi-cantly (P <0.05).