河南农业科学
河南農業科學
하남농업과학
JOURNAL OF HENAN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
2015年
8期
23-26,41
,共5页
为了阐明不同土壤质地对小麦生长发育及生理特性的影响,以小麦百农矮抗58为供试品种,研究了在壤土、砂土、黏土3种不同质地土壤上小麦不同生育时期的群体数量、株高、根长、分生根数、分蘖数、叶绿素含量、植株含水率等形态及生理指标的动态变化。结果显示,在小麦苗期,壤土上群体数最高,砂土次之,黏土较低；株高黏土中最高、根长壤土中最长,两者均是砂土最低；植株含水率则是壤土和黏土近似,均略高于砂土。在越冬期,壤土上小麦的群体数最高,黏土最低；而株高是黏土和壤土较高,砂土次之；分生根数砂土多于黏土和壤土,植株含水率砂土和壤土近似,高于黏土。在起身期,3种土壤质地上群体数都达到最大值；对于株高和分蘖数来说,黏土高于砂土,砂土略高于壤土；分生根数壤土最高,多于砂土和黏土；叶绿素含量黏土最高,砂土最低；植株含水率为黏土大于壤土和砂土。在灌浆期,群体数为壤土略低于黏土,砂土最低；株高则是壤土和砂土相近,黏土最低；而根长和分生根数是黏土最高,砂土次之,壤土最低；分蘖数黏土远高于壤土和砂土；叶绿素含量和植株含水率都是壤土最高,黏土略高于砂土。在成熟期,群体数壤土和黏土接近,砂土最低。在产量方面,3种质地土壤上小麦理论产量从高到低依次为：黏土>壤土>砂土,其中,壤土和砂土上小麦产量分别为黏土的87.85%、62.30%；具体分析其产量构成因素,小麦穗粒数和千粒质量均为黏土最高,成穗数则为壤土最高,差异均达显著水平。
為瞭闡明不同土壤質地對小麥生長髮育及生理特性的影響,以小麥百農矮抗58為供試品種,研究瞭在壤土、砂土、黏土3種不同質地土壤上小麥不同生育時期的群體數量、株高、根長、分生根數、分蘗數、葉綠素含量、植株含水率等形態及生理指標的動態變化。結果顯示,在小麥苗期,壤土上群體數最高,砂土次之,黏土較低；株高黏土中最高、根長壤土中最長,兩者均是砂土最低；植株含水率則是壤土和黏土近似,均略高于砂土。在越鼕期,壤土上小麥的群體數最高,黏土最低；而株高是黏土和壤土較高,砂土次之；分生根數砂土多于黏土和壤土,植株含水率砂土和壤土近似,高于黏土。在起身期,3種土壤質地上群體數都達到最大值；對于株高和分蘗數來說,黏土高于砂土,砂土略高于壤土；分生根數壤土最高,多于砂土和黏土；葉綠素含量黏土最高,砂土最低；植株含水率為黏土大于壤土和砂土。在灌漿期,群體數為壤土略低于黏土,砂土最低；株高則是壤土和砂土相近,黏土最低；而根長和分生根數是黏土最高,砂土次之,壤土最低；分蘗數黏土遠高于壤土和砂土；葉綠素含量和植株含水率都是壤土最高,黏土略高于砂土。在成熟期,群體數壤土和黏土接近,砂土最低。在產量方麵,3種質地土壤上小麥理論產量從高到低依次為：黏土>壤土>砂土,其中,壤土和砂土上小麥產量分彆為黏土的87.85%、62.30%；具體分析其產量構成因素,小麥穗粒數和韆粒質量均為黏土最高,成穗數則為壤土最高,差異均達顯著水平。
위료천명불동토양질지대소맥생장발육급생리특성적영향,이소맥백농왜항58위공시품충,연구료재양토、사토、점토3충불동질지토양상소맥불동생육시기적군체수량、주고、근장、분생근수、분얼수、협록소함량、식주함수솔등형태급생리지표적동태변화。결과현시,재소맥묘기,양토상군체수최고,사토차지,점토교저；주고점토중최고、근장양토중최장,량자균시사토최저；식주함수솔칙시양토화점토근사,균략고우사토。재월동기,양토상소맥적군체수최고,점토최저；이주고시점토화양토교고,사토차지；분생근수사토다우점토화양토,식주함수솔사토화양토근사,고우점토。재기신기,3충토양질지상군체수도체도최대치；대우주고화분얼수래설,점토고우사토,사토략고우양토；분생근수양토최고,다우사토화점토；협록소함량점토최고,사토최저；식주함수솔위점토대우양토화사토。재관장기,군체수위양토략저우점토,사토최저；주고칙시양토화사토상근,점토최저；이근장화분생근수시점토최고,사토차지,양토최저；분얼수점토원고우양토화사토；협록소함량화식주함수솔도시양토최고,점토략고우사토。재성숙기,군체수양토화점토접근,사토최저。재산량방면,3충질지토양상소맥이론산량종고도저의차위：점토>양토>사토,기중,양토화사토상소맥산량분별위점토적87.85%、62.30%；구체분석기산량구성인소,소맥수립수화천립질량균위점토최고,성수수칙위양토최고,차이균체현저수평。
To select suitable soil texture for wheat production, several morphological and physiological indexes of Bainong AK58 in three kinds of soil textures( loamy,sandy soil and clay) at different growing stages were studied,including population size,plant height,root length,number of root,number of tillers, chlorophyll content and water content of plant. The results showed that, at the seedling stage, the population size in loamy soil was the biggest,sandy soil came second,and clay soil was the smallest;plant height and root length in loamy soil were the highest, but which in sandy soil were the lowest;water content of plant was similar in loamy soil and clay soil,but sandy soil was lower slightly. In the overwinter period,for the population size of three kinds of soil textures,loamy soil was the biggest,and clay soil was the smallest;but plant height in clay soil was the highest,loamy soil and sandy soil were lower;both root number and water content in three soil textures were similar. In the rising stage, the population size of three kinds of soil texture reached the maximum value,without too large difference;for plant height and tiller number, clay soil was the highest, and sandy soil was slightly higher than loamy soil;but root number,chlorophyll content and water content had no significant difference among the three soil textures. In the filling stage,the population size in loamy soil was slightly lower than that in clay soil,and sandy soil was far lower than the others;plant height in loamy soil was similar to sandy soil,and clay soil was the lowest;but the root length and root number were the highest in clay soil,followed by sandy soil,loamy soil were the lowest;tiller number in clay soil was much higher than that in loamy soil and sandy soil;the content of chlorophyll and water content of plant in loamy soil were the highest, clay soil was slightly higher than the sandy soil. In the mature stage, the population size in loamy soil and clay soil were similar,and the lowest was in sandy soil. For yield of wheat,theoretical yield in three soil textures was as clay soil>loamy soil > sandy soil,which in loamy soil and sandy soil were respectively 87. 85% and 62. 30%of that in clay soil. Specifically, grain number per ear and 1 000-grains weight of clay soil were the highest,but the ear numbers of loamy soil reached the top,and the difference of yield components among three soil textures were all significant.
