CAJ | 학술논문

目的：分析家庭社会经济地位（SES）在儿童养育过程中所致知识和行为的差异。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法，根据地理特征、社会经济发展水平等因素，以中国内地8省（市、自治区）为抽样框，抽取8904名4～6年级小学生作为研究对象，了解其健康知识、行为现状及日常运动、写作业、看电视及周末补眠现状。结果8904名学生家庭 SES 高、中、低所占比例（家庭 SES 评分）分别为33.3％（62.20±7.29）、33.9％（46.76±2.74）和32.8％（39.26±2.37）；儿童健康知识平均为（6.83±4.48）；优秀、良好、不良人数分别为48人（0.54％）、1480人（16.62％）和7376人（82.84％）；儿童健康行为平均得分为（3.43±1.02）；行为不良，良好、优秀分别为4311人（48.42％）、3496人（39.26％）、1097（12.32％）。SES 评分低、中、高家庭的儿童健康知识优秀的比例分别为0.36％（11／3034）、0.59％（17／2905）和0.67％（20／2284），健康行为优秀比例分别为14.83％（450／3034）、12.70％（369／2905）和9.38％（278／2965），不同 SES 家庭小学生健康知识和健康行为的差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为121.75、58.78，P ＜0.01）。高 SES 家庭儿童相比中、低 SES家庭，做作业、看电视、体育活动时间最短，周末不补眠的比例最高。结论SES 不同家庭儿童健康知识、健康行为之间存在差异，存在潜在的健康不公。
목적：분석가정사회경제지위（SES）재인동양육과정중소치지식화행위적차이。방법채용분층수궤정군추양방법，근거지리특정、사회경제발전수평등인소，이중국내지8성（시、자치구）위추양광，추취8904명4～6년급소학생작위연구대상，료해기건강지식、행위현상급일상운동、사작업、간전시급주말보면현상。결과8904명학생가정 SES 고、중、저소점비례（가정 SES 평분）분별위33.3％（62.20±7.29）、33.9％（46.76±2.74）화32.8％（39.26±2.37）；인동건강지식평균위（6.83±4.48）；우수、량호、불량인수분별위48인（0.54％）、1480인（16.62％）화7376인（82.84％）；인동건강행위평균득분위（3.43±1.02）；행위불량，량호、우수분별위4311인（48.42％）、3496인（39.26％）、1097（12.32％）。SES 평분저、중、고가정적인동건강지식우수적비례분별위0.36％（11／3034）、0.59％（17／2905）화0.67％（20／2284），건강행위우수비례분별위14.83％（450／3034）、12.70％（369／2905）화9.38％（278／2965），불동 SES 가정소학생건강지식화건강행위적차이균유통계학의의（χ2치분별위121.75、58.78，P ＜0.01）。고 SES 가정인동상비중、저 SES가정，주작업、간전시、체육활동시간최단，주말불보면적비례최고。결론SES 불동가정인동건강지식、건강행위지간존재차이，존재잠재적건강불공。
Objective To analyze the difference of health knowledge and behavior among elementary school chil-dren lived in different socioeconomic status (SES)family in child rearing process.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling was used based on sampling flame in eight provinces by the geographical and economic development distributions in mainland China.A total of 8904 grade 4 -6 students were extracted as research subjects to analyze the difference of the health knowledge,behavior and daily status such as daily physical activities,homework,watching TV and catching up sleep on weekends in different SES families.Results In 8904 families,the proportion of high,middle and low families (the score of SES)were 33.3% (62.20 ±7.29),33.9% (46.76 ±2.74)and 32.8% (39.26 ±2.37).The average score of children’s health knowledge was (6.83 ±4.48).While the students numbers and proportion of excellent,good, bad were 48 (0.54%),1480 (16.62%),7376 (82.84%).The average score of children’s behavior was (3.43 ± 1.02),and the students numbers and proportions of excellent,good,bad were 4311 (48.42%),3496 (39.26%), 1097 (12.32%).The excellence rates about health knowledge of children in low,middle and high SES family by green scores were 0.36% (11 /3034),0.59% (17 /2905)and 0.67% (20 /2284)respectively,and outstanding rates about health behaviors were 14.83% (450 /3034),12.70% (369 /2905)and 9.38% (278 /2965).There were significantly statistical difference in the SES-family-level about the proportions of pupils excellence in health knowledge and behaviors (χ2=121.75,58.78,and also both P <0.01).Compared to the pupils in low or middle level SES families,the times that pupils in high SES level families spent in doing homework,watching TV,sports were the lest while the proportions of no-catching-up-sleep in weekend was the highest.Conclusion There were difference in the rates of health knowledge and be-havior among the 4 -6 grade students with different SES families and potential health injustice was existed in these children.