CAJ | 학술논문

提大气资料同化已发展成为基于估计理论的一门学科。本文试图梳理资料同化学科内容从“性质上分析同化问题是什么”到“过程上资料同化如何实施”再到“结果上分析场有着什么内在要求”这一内在逻辑，相应地综合阐述“逆问题求解和所需要的先验信息”、“观测信息的输入及其权重与传播平滑”和“同化结果的准确性和协调性”等资料同化作为一门学科的这些基本方面；以期这一逐步递进的逻辑及其基本方面有益于对资料同化在条理脉络上的一个整体理解。此外，着重于具体同化方法中的一些等价性和共性特征，本文梳理和归纳了“变分方法分别与最优插值方法之间和与扩展卡尔曼滤波方法之间的等价性”、“同化方法中数学的主要作用”，以及“同化方法中要应用综合学科知识”和“业务同化系统实施中要做好系统工程”等内容；以期这些内容增加对资料同化方法及同化系统研发的理解和思考。
제대기자료동화이발전성위기우고계이론적일문학과。본문시도소리자료동화학과내용종“성질상분석동화문제시십요”도“과정상자료동화여하실시”재도“결과상분석장유착십요내재요구”저일내재라집，상응지종합천술“역문제구해화소수요적선험신식”、“관측신식적수입급기권중여전파평활”화“동화결과적준학성화협조성”등자료동화작위일문학과적저사기본방면；이기저일축보체진적라집급기기본방면유익우대자료동화재조리맥락상적일개정체리해。차외，착중우구체동화방법중적일사등개성화공성특정，본문소리화귀납료“변분방법분별여최우삽치방법지간화여확전잡이만려파방법지간적등개성”、“동화방법중수학적주요작용”，이급“동화방법중요응용종합학과지식”화“업무동화계통실시중요주호계통공정”등내용；이기저사내용증가대자료동화방법급동화계통연발적리해화사고。
This article tries to summarize and synthetically remark several basic aspects and common inher-ent characteristics of atmospheric data assimilation.Such a logic line is highlighted from “what’s data as-similation problem”,to “how is data assimilated”,and to “what are the inherent requirements for the re-sulting analysis”.The logic correspondingly involves “inverse problem and a priori information”,“input, weight,propagation and smoothing of observation information”,and “requirements of accuracy and consis-tency for the analysis”.Also,we lay emphasis on some common inherent characteristics,including “equiv-alences between variational method and optimal interpolation method and between four-dimensional varia-tional method and extended Kalman filter method”,“the dominant role of mathematics in assimilation methods”,“multidisciplinary knowledge connotated in assimilation methods”and “system engineering re-quired in operational assimilation systems”.