中国传媒大学学报（自然科学版）
中國傳媒大學學報（自然科學版）
중국전매대학학보（자연과학판）
JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION UNIVERSITY OF CHINA(SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY)
2015年
3期
1-16
,共16页
有质粒子%光障%超光速运动
有質粒子%光障%超光速運動
유질입자%광장%초광속운동
massive particles%light barrier%moving by faster-than-light
狭义相对论( SR)中运动的有质粒子的长度( l)、质量( m)、能量( E或W)随速度v变化。当v增大,l减小而m和E加大。如果v=c,运动粒子的质量、能量成为无限大。故Einstein断言讨论超越光速c是无意义的。然而在实际上从未发现过物体长度随速度增加而减小。对质量而言,Newton力学中质量与速度无关；质量随速度变来自1904年的Lorentz公式m = m01- vc 2[()]-1/2,即使它适用于电子也不能像SR那样推广于一切动体,实际上缺少“Lorentz质速公式适用于中性粒子和中性物体”的实验。故所谓“光障”不一定真的存在。<br> 电子并不是一个普通的动体,而是特殊的带有电荷的动体。故即使v=c,能量也不是无限大。另外,还可证明当速度v增大时动体荷电量q和受力F都减小。这就很好的解释了1901年的Kaufmann实验。类似地,分析表明1964年的Bertozi实验也不能证明光速c不可超越。<br> 本文把今日的“光障”问题与过去的“声障”问题作了比较,认为可压缩流体力学可用在超光速研究中,空气动力学发展对突破光障有参考作用。在超声速飞机问世前,当飞机速度接近声速将形成气体超大密度的激波,飞机将无法穿越它。但深入的理论分析和风洞实验使科学家获悉,即使v=c(在这里c为声速),密度仅增大6倍,不是无限大；故工程师开始设计和建造超声速飞机。1947年10月14日美国空军完成了人类首次超声速飞行。……我们相信对所谓光障也会是同样的情况。<br> 由于量子力学中的波粒二象性,科学家可按两条路径(粒子或波)展开研究。过去认为微观客体会呈现为粒子或波,但不会同时体现这两者。然而最新的研究却证明可在实验中又是粒子又是波。本文建议设计针对物质波的实验。由于现时有大量的群速超光速实验已获成功,可以期待超光速有质粒子(电子或质子)的存在和发现。……总之,结论是有质粒子可以作超光速运动,但有待将来的直接实验证明。
狹義相對論( SR)中運動的有質粒子的長度( l)、質量( m)、能量( E或W)隨速度v變化。噹v增大,l減小而m和E加大。如果v=c,運動粒子的質量、能量成為無限大。故Einstein斷言討論超越光速c是無意義的。然而在實際上從未髮現過物體長度隨速度增加而減小。對質量而言,Newton力學中質量與速度無關；質量隨速度變來自1904年的Lorentz公式m = m01- vc 2[()]-1/2,即使它適用于電子也不能像SR那樣推廣于一切動體,實際上缺少“Lorentz質速公式適用于中性粒子和中性物體”的實驗。故所謂“光障”不一定真的存在。<br> 電子併不是一箇普通的動體,而是特殊的帶有電荷的動體。故即使v=c,能量也不是無限大。另外,還可證明噹速度v增大時動體荷電量q和受力F都減小。這就很好的解釋瞭1901年的Kaufmann實驗。類似地,分析錶明1964年的Bertozi實驗也不能證明光速c不可超越。<br> 本文把今日的“光障”問題與過去的“聲障”問題作瞭比較,認為可壓縮流體力學可用在超光速研究中,空氣動力學髮展對突破光障有參攷作用。在超聲速飛機問世前,噹飛機速度接近聲速將形成氣體超大密度的激波,飛機將無法穿越它。但深入的理論分析和風洞實驗使科學傢穫悉,即使v=c(在這裏c為聲速),密度僅增大6倍,不是無限大；故工程師開始設計和建造超聲速飛機。1947年10月14日美國空軍完成瞭人類首次超聲速飛行。……我們相信對所謂光障也會是同樣的情況。<br> 由于量子力學中的波粒二象性,科學傢可按兩條路徑(粒子或波)展開研究。過去認為微觀客體會呈現為粒子或波,但不會同時體現這兩者。然而最新的研究卻證明可在實驗中又是粒子又是波。本文建議設計針對物質波的實驗。由于現時有大量的群速超光速實驗已穫成功,可以期待超光速有質粒子(電子或質子)的存在和髮現。……總之,結論是有質粒子可以作超光速運動,但有待將來的直接實驗證明。
협의상대론( SR)중운동적유질입자적장도( l)、질량( m)、능량( E혹W)수속도v변화。당v증대,l감소이m화E가대。여과v=c,운동입자적질량、능량성위무한대。고Einstein단언토론초월광속c시무의의적。연이재실제상종미발현과물체장도수속도증가이감소。대질량이언,Newton역학중질량여속도무관；질량수속도변래자1904년적Lorentz공식m = m01- vc 2[()]-1/2,즉사타괄용우전자야불능상SR나양추엄우일절동체,실제상결소“Lorentz질속공식괄용우중성입자화중성물체”적실험。고소위“광장”불일정진적존재。<br> 전자병불시일개보통적동체,이시특수적대유전하적동체。고즉사v=c,능량야불시무한대。령외,환가증명당속도v증대시동체하전량q화수력F도감소。저취흔호적해석료1901년적Kaufmann실험。유사지,분석표명1964년적Bertozi실험야불능증명광속c불가초월。<br> 본문파금일적“광장”문제여과거적“성장”문제작료비교,인위가압축류체역학가용재초광속연구중,공기동역학발전대돌파광장유삼고작용。재초성속비궤문세전,당비궤속도접근성속장형성기체초대밀도적격파,비궤장무법천월타。단심입적이론분석화풍동실험사과학가획실,즉사v=c(재저리c위성속),밀도부증대6배,불시무한대；고공정사개시설계화건조초성속비궤。1947년10월14일미국공군완성료인류수차초성속비행。……아문상신대소위광장야회시동양적정황。<br> 유우양자역학중적파립이상성,과학가가안량조로경(입자혹파)전개연구。과거인위미관객체회정현위입자혹파,단불회동시체현저량자。연이최신적연구각증명가재실험중우시입자우시파。본문건의설계침대물질파적실험。유우현시유대량적군속초광속실험이획성공,가이기대초광속유질입자(전자혹질자)적존재화발현。……총지,결론시유질입자가이작초광속운동,단유대장래적직접실험증명。
From the Special Relativity( SR) ,length( l)、mass( m) and energy( E or W) of the moving mas-sive particles can be varied with the speed v. When v<c,l is decreased as v is increased,m and E is in-creased as v is increased. If v=c,the mass and energy of the moving particles become infinite. So Einstein declared that it is meaningless to discuss the light speed faster than c. But it was never discovered that the object length l is decreased as v is increased in the experiments. Consider the concept of mass in physics, Newton’ s law of motion shows, the mass of matter have nothing to do with velocity. But in the article of Lorentz in 1904,following mass-velocity formula is suggested:m = m0 1 - vc 2[ ( ) ]-1/2 . This relation is suitable even for the electrons,the rule does not entirely possible apply in all cases of motion, such as in SR. But in fact,it is lack of the experiment evidence about the Lorentz’ s mass-velocity rela-tion on the neutro-particles and the neutro-bodies. Then the“light barrier difficulty”perhaps no longer exists. <br> The electron not only is a general moving body,but also a special charged moving body. So even v=c,energy are not infinite. We also know that as v is increased,the charge q and the force F is decreased. This is a good explanation for the Kaufmann’s experiment in 1901. The Bertozi’s experiment in 1964 was a similar incident,it can’ t prove the light speed c is a limit in universe. <br> In this article,we compare the present“light barrier”problem with the past“sonic barrier”problem. The results of the compressible fluid mechanics can be used to the faster-than-light research,and the developments of the aerodynamics will give good references to break through the light barrier. Before ultra-sonic airplanes appeared,people thought a shock wave with great density would pile up when an airplane flied at a speed close to sound,then the airplane could not fly passing through the shook waves. But,ac-cording to theoretical analysis and experiments, scientists has understood when v = c ( c is the sonic speed) the gas density will increase by no more than 6 times,not infinite. Then,engineers set out to de-sign and make supersonic airplane. In 14 Oct. 1947,US Airforce succeeded in making the first supersonic flight.…… We believe that the same prospect will occur to the so-called light barrier. <br> Base on the particle-wave duality in Quantum Mechanics ( QM) ,scientists can work along the path of particles or waves. In the past,people know that all microscopic objects behave either as waves or as particles,but never as both. But in recent advances of QM,papers will show a different perspective—it is possible to design experiments to demonstrate that a quantum object can behave both as wave and as par-ticle. According to this situation,we believe it is possible to design experiments on the matter waves. Be-cause several group velocity faster-than-light experiments was a great success,then we expect that the superluminal massive particles ( electrons or positrons) may be exists. ……In conclusion, the massive particle moving by faster-than-light is possible. But the experimental works will be complete in the fu-ture.
