CAJ | 학술논문

微波推进的电磁发动机( EmDrive )技术现已获广泛认同。在推进力的反方向产生的加速、反作用力遵守Newton力学,可能产生10mN/kW至1000mN/kW的推力。基本器件是一个圆锥状的封闭谐振腔,用TE011模式。由于腔内的非均匀场分布,电磁合力F∑≠0,提供了腔体自主加速运动的推力。微波推进电磁发动机的发明人是英国工程师Roger Shawyer,它不携带燃料,推进器使用的微波能由太阳能转换而来,故适于作太空飞行。2006年6月有报道说,Shawyer用700W功率产生了88mN力；2007年5月用300W功率产生了96.1mN力。这说明早期即达到了(125~320)mN/kW水平。力虽然小,不断加速的过程有望获得非常高的速度。 　　电磁发动机可对卫星作精确控制和定位,可能用在深空对小行星或月球探测。空天飞机可完成多种任务,例如作载人的长距离亚轨道飞行。未来可能用于星际探测,只用几年即到达较近的星系。现在把太阳系内飞行称为航天,系外飞行称作宇航。估计在本世纪将有第一批宇航员飞出太阳系并安全返回,而飞出太阳系是人类的伟大理想。但这有许多理论与技术问题需要解决。所以必须加大航行速度,应达到光速,可能的话应为超光速。 　　2004年11月宋健院士指出,航天技术呼唤实验物理学家们寻找速度大于光速c的源；只要能找到这种新的源,以光速或超光速宇航的可能性就会大为增长。林金院士指出,宇航员建立了自主精确描述火箭和宇宙飞船在给定惯性系中作任意加速和减速运动的动力学过程,修正了自主惯性导航的严格理论基础,只要开发出新型的动力源,宇宙飞船航行的速度不存在上限,未来载人宇宙航行的范围理论上不存在限制。……现在已是2015年6月,两位航天专家所说言犹在耳,我们认为他们所说的新动力源已被实验物理学家开发出来,即电磁发动机；这将使人类在未来作超光速宇航可能性大为增加。 　　本文论述了电磁发动机的原理,指出它给世界带来了新希望。最后,提出了开展新研究的建议———试用椭圆锥状谐振腔,考虑采用光波导谐振腔,以及在此项目中试用超材料。当然,任何新型推进器都必须满足无需携带燃料的要求。微波推進的電磁髮動機( EmDrive )技術現已穫廣汎認同。在推進力的反方嚮產生的加速、反作用力遵守Newton力學,可能產生10mN/kW至1000mN/kW的推力。基本器件是一箇圓錐狀的封閉諧振腔,用TE011模式。由于腔內的非均勻場分佈,電磁閤力F∑≠0,提供瞭腔體自主加速運動的推力。微波推進電磁髮動機的髮明人是英國工程師Roger Shawyer,它不攜帶燃料,推進器使用的微波能由太暘能轉換而來,故適于作太空飛行。2006年6月有報道說,Shawyer用700W功率產生瞭88mN力；2007年5月用300W功率產生瞭96.1mN力。這說明早期即達到瞭(125~320)mN/kW水平。力雖然小,不斷加速的過程有望穫得非常高的速度。 　　電磁髮動機可對衛星作精確控製和定位,可能用在深空對小行星或月毬探測。空天飛機可完成多種任務,例如作載人的長距離亞軌道飛行。未來可能用于星際探測,隻用幾年即到達較近的星繫。現在把太暘繫內飛行稱為航天,繫外飛行稱作宇航。估計在本世紀將有第一批宇航員飛齣太暘繫併安全返迴,而飛齣太暘繫是人類的偉大理想。但這有許多理論與技術問題需要解決。所以必鬚加大航行速度,應達到光速,可能的話應為超光速。 　　2004年11月宋健院士指齣,航天技術呼喚實驗物理學傢們尋找速度大于光速c的源；隻要能找到這種新的源,以光速或超光速宇航的可能性就會大為增長。林金院士指齣,宇航員建立瞭自主精確描述火箭和宇宙飛船在給定慣性繫中作任意加速和減速運動的動力學過程,脩正瞭自主慣性導航的嚴格理論基礎,隻要開髮齣新型的動力源,宇宙飛船航行的速度不存在上限,未來載人宇宙航行的範圍理論上不存在限製。……現在已是2015年6月,兩位航天專傢所說言猶在耳,我們認為他們所說的新動力源已被實驗物理學傢開髮齣來,即電磁髮動機；這將使人類在未來作超光速宇航可能性大為增加。 　　本文論述瞭電磁髮動機的原理,指齣它給世界帶來瞭新希望。最後,提齣瞭開展新研究的建議———試用橢圓錐狀諧振腔,攷慮採用光波導諧振腔,以及在此項目中試用超材料。噹然,任何新型推進器都必鬚滿足無需攜帶燃料的要求。
미파추진적전자발동궤( EmDrive )기술현이획엄범인동。재추진력적반방향산생적가속、반작용력준수Newton역학,가능산생10mN/kW지1000mN/kW적추력。기본기건시일개원추상적봉폐해진강,용TE011모식。유우강내적비균균장분포,전자합력F∑≠0,제공료강체자주가속운동적추력。미파추진전자발동궤적발명인시영국공정사Roger Shawyer,타불휴대연료,추진기사용적미파능유태양능전환이래,고괄우작태공비행。2006년6월유보도설,Shawyer용700W공솔산생료88mN력；2007년5월용300W공솔산생료96.1mN력。저설명조기즉체도료(125~320)mN/kW수평。력수연소,불단가속적과정유망획득비상고적속도。 　　전자발동궤가대위성작정학공제화정위,가능용재심공대소행성혹월구탐측。공천비궤가완성다충임무,례여작재인적장거리아궤도비행。미래가능용우성제탐측,지용궤년즉도체교근적성계。현재파태양계내비행칭위항천,계외비행칭작우항。고계재본세기장유제일비우항원비출태양계병안전반회,이비출태양계시인류적위대이상。단저유허다이론여기술문제수요해결。소이필수가대항행속도,응체도광속,가능적화응위초광속。 　　2004년11월송건원사지출,항천기술호환실험물이학가문심조속도대우광속c적원；지요능조도저충신적원,이광속혹초광속우항적가능성취회대위증장。림금원사지출,우항원건립료자주정학묘술화전화우주비선재급정관성계중작임의가속화감속운동적동역학과정,수정료자주관성도항적엄격이론기출,지요개발출신형적동력원,우주비선항행적속도불존재상한,미래재인우주항행적범위이론상불존재한제。……현재이시2015년6월,량위항천전가소설언유재이,아문인위타문소설적신동력원이피실험물이학가개발출래,즉전자발동궤；저장사인류재미래작초광속우항가능성대위증가。 　　본문논술료전자발동궤적원리,지출타급세계대래료신희망。최후,제출료개전신연구적건의———시용타원추상해진강,고필채용광파도해진강,이급재차항목중시용초재료。당연,임하신형추진기도필수만족무수휴대연료적요구。
The EmDrive of microwave propulsion technology is now gaining wide acceptance. It obeys Newtonian physics by producing an accelerating、reaction force opposite to the thrust force. The net thrust are in the range 10mN/kW to 1000mN/kW probably. The basic device of the thrust is a conic tapered metal resonant cavity,using the TE011 mode. Since the unbalanced field distribution of the cavity,the EM total force F∑≠0,this force supply the need on accelerate motion of cavity. The inventor of EmDrive is Roger Shawyer,a engineer of UK,and it is a propellantless thrust,provides the conversion from solar en-ergy to microwave energy for the thrust. So it is suitable device for space flight. In Sep. 2006,《New Scien-tist》reported that Shawyer had constructed a EmDrive,which consumes 700W power and produce 88mN force. In May 2007,《Eureka》powered that another thrust has been built,consuming 300W power and pro-ducing 96. 1mN force. These reports indicate that the early contribution are (125~320) mN/kW by the prototype units. This is a small force,but is cause the device to move faster,so it can become very quick. The EmDrive can control and position satellites accurately and power deep space spacecrafts used for asteroid detection and moon sensing. The spaceplane is designed to carry a variety of missions,such as long distance passenger transport using sub-orbital flight. In the future,the interstellar probe enabling a several years mission to the nearest stars. Now,a flight within the solar system is called space-flight and beyond the solar system is astronautic. In this century the first astronauts will travel beyond the solar sys-tem and come back safely. To fly out of the solar system has long been the ambition of mankind. But many paramount theoretical and technical problems have to be solved before that. As a consequence,the speed of travel to be increased to the magnitude of the speed of light or, if possible, faster than the speed of light. In Nov. 2004,the academician Song Jian says:space technology calls for experimental physicists to find some new sources,which can propagate with speed greater than that of light. Any new finding in this regard would make space flight with or above the speed of light more probable. In the same time,the a-cademician Lin Jin says:the astronaut has established an accurate equation which autonomously and pre-cisely describes arbitrary acceleration and deceleration motion of rockets and spacecraft in a given inertial coorinate system. The astronaut has revised and established a strict theoretical foundation for autonomous inertial navigation. As long as new types of power sources are to be developed,there exist no limit of ve-locities of spacecraft. …… And now,during June 2015,we can consider that the EmDrive is the“new source” developed by ex-perimental physists,then the possibility of faster-than-light space fly is greater increased in future. In this paper,the principle and explanation on the EmDrive is given. Recent advances in this project bring world a good hope. Finally,we suggest some directions of EmDrive study,such as the elliptic taper-ed metal resonant cavity,the light-waveguide resonant cavity,and the application of meta-materials. Of course,any new type of propulsion must do as a thrust without a gas propellant.