茶叶科学
茶葉科學
다협과학
2015年
4期
354-362
,共9页
马立锋%苏孔武%黎金兰%石元值%伊晓云%方丽%阮建云
馬立鋒%囌孔武%黎金蘭%石元值%伊曉雲%方麗%阮建雲
마립봉%소공무%려금란%석원치%이효운%방려%원건운
茶树%控释氮肥%产量%品质成分%氮素利用率%矿质元素%经济效益
茶樹%控釋氮肥%產量%品質成分%氮素利用率%礦質元素%經濟效益
다수%공석담비%산량%품질성분%담소이용솔%광질원소%경제효익
tea plant [Camell ia sinensis (L.)]%controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer%tea yield%tea quality components%nitrogen use efficiency%mineral nutrients%economic benefit
通过田间试验，研究了控释氮肥对茶园土壤无机氮含量、茶叶产量、品质成分、氮素利用效率和茶叶中氮磷等主要矿质元素吸收的影响，比较了不同施肥方式对经济效益的影响。结果表明，不同氮肥处理间土壤无机氮含量无显著差异，但控释肥处理土壤中无机氮变化幅度较小，而且比较稳定。与普通氮肥相比，控释氮肥单施或与普通氮肥配施，茶叶产量分别提高7.5%和15.2%。施控释氮肥对茶叶游离氨基酸总量、茶多酚含量、酚氨比值不会产生明显的影响。控释氮肥能促进茶树对氮、磷等主要矿质元素的吸收，提高茶树新梢氮素利用率，其中新梢氮素利用效率（NUE），控释氮肥和普通氮肥配施比普通氮肥高5.38个百分点，比单施控释氮肥高2.39个百分点，新梢氮素偏生产率（PNE），控释氮肥和普通氮肥配施比普通氮肥处理高1.16 kg·kg-1，比单施控释氮肥高0.57 kg·kg-1。与普通氮肥相比，单施控释氮肥每年每公顷增加纯收入0.93万元，控释氮肥和普通氮肥配施增加纯收入2.01万元。本研究结果表明，控释氮肥与普通氮肥配施增产、增效明显。
通過田間試驗，研究瞭控釋氮肥對茶園土壤無機氮含量、茶葉產量、品質成分、氮素利用效率和茶葉中氮燐等主要礦質元素吸收的影響，比較瞭不同施肥方式對經濟效益的影響。結果錶明，不同氮肥處理間土壤無機氮含量無顯著差異，但控釋肥處理土壤中無機氮變化幅度較小，而且比較穩定。與普通氮肥相比，控釋氮肥單施或與普通氮肥配施，茶葉產量分彆提高7.5%和15.2%。施控釋氮肥對茶葉遊離氨基痠總量、茶多酚含量、酚氨比值不會產生明顯的影響。控釋氮肥能促進茶樹對氮、燐等主要礦質元素的吸收，提高茶樹新梢氮素利用率，其中新梢氮素利用效率（NUE），控釋氮肥和普通氮肥配施比普通氮肥高5.38箇百分點，比單施控釋氮肥高2.39箇百分點，新梢氮素偏生產率（PNE），控釋氮肥和普通氮肥配施比普通氮肥處理高1.16 kg·kg-1，比單施控釋氮肥高0.57 kg·kg-1。與普通氮肥相比，單施控釋氮肥每年每公頃增加純收入0.93萬元，控釋氮肥和普通氮肥配施增加純收入2.01萬元。本研究結果錶明，控釋氮肥與普通氮肥配施增產、增效明顯。
통과전간시험，연구료공석담비대다완토양무궤담함량、다협산량、품질성분、담소이용효솔화다협중담린등주요광질원소흡수적영향，비교료불동시비방식대경제효익적영향。결과표명，불동담비처리간토양무궤담함량무현저차이，단공석비처리토양중무궤담변화폭도교소，이차비교은정。여보통담비상비，공석담비단시혹여보통담비배시，다협산량분별제고7.5%화15.2%。시공석담비대다협유리안기산총량、다다분함량、분안비치불회산생명현적영향。공석담비능촉진다수대담、린등주요광질원소적흡수，제고다수신소담소이용솔，기중신소담소이용효솔（NUE），공석담비화보통담비배시비보통담비고5.38개백분점，비단시공석담비고2.39개백분점，신소담소편생산솔（PNE），공석담비화보통담비배시비보통담비처리고1.16 kg·kg-1，비단시공석담비고0.57 kg·kg-1。여보통담비상비，단시공석담비매년매공경증가순수입0.93만원，공석담비화보통담비배시증가순수입2.01만원。본연구결과표명，공석담비여보통담비배시증산、증효명현。
The study was carried out to investigate the effects of different N fertilization input on soil inorganic N, tea yield, quality components, N use efficiency, uptake of N, P, and other mineral nutrients and financial economic benefit. Results indicated that soil inorganic N concentration varied less and relatively more stable in controlled-release N fertilizer (CRF) or CRF blending with conventional N fertilizer (CF) than CF, but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) among three N treatments. In comparison with CF, tea yields in CRF and CRF blending with CF were increased by 7.5% and 15.2%, respectively. The tea quality components, including free amino acid, tea
<br> polyphenol and the TP/AA ratio showed no statistical difference (P>0.05) among three N treatments. CRF or CRF blending with CF promoted tea plants to uptake N, P and other mineral nutrients, and improved N use efficiency in young shoots. Comparing CF and CRF, the NUE increment rates in CRF blending with CF were 5.38% and 2.39%, respectively. The PNE in CRF blending with CF was 1.16 kg·kg-1 higher than CF, and 0.57 kg·kg-1 higher than CRF. Compared to CF, the total net income increment in CRF and CRF blending with CF were 9.3 thousand yuan RMB and 20.1 thousand yuan RMB per hectare, respectively. It was concluded that CRF blending with CF has significant promoting effect on tea yields and economic benefit.
