浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大學學報（農業與生命科學版）
절강대학학보（농업여생명과학판）
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY(AGRICULTURE & LIFE SCIENCES)
2015年
4期
449-457
,共9页
王燕%潘长田%王洁%秦力%邹滔%卢钢
王燕%潘長田%王潔%秦力%鄒滔%盧鋼
왕연%반장전%왕길%진력%추도%로강
番茄%亚高温胁迫%花柱外露%赤霉素%基因表达
番茄%亞高溫脅迫%花柱外露%赤黴素%基因錶達
번가%아고온협박%화주외로%적매소%기인표체
tomato%moderate heat stress%stigma exsertion%gibberellin%gene expression
研究在亚高温胁迫下生长素( indole‐3‐acetic acid ,IAA )、赤霉素( gibberellin A3,GA3 )、茉莉酸( jasmonic acid ,JA)及2,4‐表油菜素内酯(2,4‐epibrassinolide ,EBR)等4种植物生长调节剂在番茄开花前后喷施花蕾对花柱外露的生理影响。结果表明：在亚高温胁迫下对花蕾喷施GA3加速了番茄花柱的外露,且外露率增加,外露程度增大,而用赤霉素生物合成抑制剂多效唑(paclobutrazol ,PAC)处理可以减轻花柱的外露程度,此外,在亚高温胁迫下喷施GA3提高了番茄的坐果率；喷施JA的番茄花蕾与对照(无激素处理)相比花柱外露率提高,外露程度变化不明显；而喷施IAA与EBR对番茄花柱外露率及坐果率无明显影响。进一步利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术分析了在亚高温胁迫下经激素处理后生长素、赤霉素、脱落酸等激素信号特征基因及逆境信号传导基因SlPIFs在番茄雄蕊和雌蕊中表达水平的变化。结果表明,在亚高温胁迫下外源GA3或PAC处理使得番茄雄蕊和雌蕊中赤霉素生物合成基因的相对表达水平与无激素处理相比发生了明显不同的变化。在雌蕊中,外源GA3处理使得 SlGA20ox1相对表达量显著上升,而赤霉素生物合成途径抑制蛋白基因 SlDELLA相对表达量下调,从而增加了赤霉素的合成。此外,GA3处理导致 SlPIF1‐1、SlPIF4基因在雌蕊中下调表达,而在雄蕊中相对表达水平变化不显著。在雄蕊中,外源GA3处理使得 SlGA3ox1相对表达量上调,同时,脱落酸8?‐羟化酶代谢基因SlCY P707A1与9‐顺式‐环氧类胡萝卜素加双氧酶基因 SlNCDE1在雄蕊中也上调表达。以上结果表明,赤霉素参与了番茄雄蕊和雌蕊的伸长生长,对番茄在亚高温胁迫下花柱外露有重要调控作用,且这一过程是通过赤霉素生物合成途径发生作用,而光敏色素相互作用因子( phytochrome interacting factors ,PIFs)可能参与了亚高温胁迫下赤霉素诱导的番茄花柱外露过程的调控。该结果为深入探索植物激素参与调控高温诱导的番茄花柱外露的分子机制提供了研究基础,并为番茄抗高温栽培技术的完善提供了理论依据。
研究在亞高溫脅迫下生長素( indole‐3‐acetic acid ,IAA )、赤黴素( gibberellin A3,GA3 )、茉莉痠( jasmonic acid ,JA)及2,4‐錶油菜素內酯(2,4‐epibrassinolide ,EBR)等4種植物生長調節劑在番茄開花前後噴施花蕾對花柱外露的生理影響。結果錶明：在亞高溫脅迫下對花蕾噴施GA3加速瞭番茄花柱的外露,且外露率增加,外露程度增大,而用赤黴素生物閤成抑製劑多效唑(paclobutrazol ,PAC)處理可以減輕花柱的外露程度,此外,在亞高溫脅迫下噴施GA3提高瞭番茄的坐果率；噴施JA的番茄花蕾與對照(無激素處理)相比花柱外露率提高,外露程度變化不明顯；而噴施IAA與EBR對番茄花柱外露率及坐果率無明顯影響。進一步利用實時熒光定量聚閤酶鏈反應技術分析瞭在亞高溫脅迫下經激素處理後生長素、赤黴素、脫落痠等激素信號特徵基因及逆境信號傳導基因SlPIFs在番茄雄蕊和雌蕊中錶達水平的變化。結果錶明,在亞高溫脅迫下外源GA3或PAC處理使得番茄雄蕊和雌蕊中赤黴素生物閤成基因的相對錶達水平與無激素處理相比髮生瞭明顯不同的變化。在雌蕊中,外源GA3處理使得 SlGA20ox1相對錶達量顯著上升,而赤黴素生物閤成途徑抑製蛋白基因 SlDELLA相對錶達量下調,從而增加瞭赤黴素的閤成。此外,GA3處理導緻 SlPIF1‐1、SlPIF4基因在雌蕊中下調錶達,而在雄蕊中相對錶達水平變化不顯著。在雄蕊中,外源GA3處理使得 SlGA3ox1相對錶達量上調,同時,脫落痠8?‐羥化酶代謝基因SlCY P707A1與9‐順式‐環氧類鬍蘿蔔素加雙氧酶基因 SlNCDE1在雄蕊中也上調錶達。以上結果錶明,赤黴素參與瞭番茄雄蕊和雌蕊的伸長生長,對番茄在亞高溫脅迫下花柱外露有重要調控作用,且這一過程是通過赤黴素生物閤成途徑髮生作用,而光敏色素相互作用因子( phytochrome interacting factors ,PIFs)可能參與瞭亞高溫脅迫下赤黴素誘導的番茄花柱外露過程的調控。該結果為深入探索植物激素參與調控高溫誘導的番茄花柱外露的分子機製提供瞭研究基礎,併為番茄抗高溫栽培技術的完善提供瞭理論依據。
연구재아고온협박하생장소( indole‐3‐acetic acid ,IAA )、적매소( gibberellin A3,GA3 )、말리산( jasmonic acid ,JA)급2,4‐표유채소내지(2,4‐epibrassinolide ,EBR)등4충식물생장조절제재번가개화전후분시화뢰대화주외로적생리영향。결과표명：재아고온협박하대화뢰분시GA3가속료번가화주적외로,차외로솔증가,외로정도증대,이용적매소생물합성억제제다효서(paclobutrazol ,PAC)처리가이감경화주적외로정도,차외,재아고온협박하분시GA3제고료번가적좌과솔；분시JA적번가화뢰여대조(무격소처리)상비화주외로솔제고,외로정도변화불명현；이분시IAA여EBR대번가화주외로솔급좌과솔무명현영향。진일보이용실시형광정량취합매련반응기술분석료재아고온협박하경격소처리후생장소、적매소、탈락산등격소신호특정기인급역경신호전도기인SlPIFs재번가웅예화자예중표체수평적변화。결과표명,재아고온협박하외원GA3혹PAC처리사득번가웅예화자예중적매소생물합성기인적상대표체수평여무격소처리상비발생료명현불동적변화。재자예중,외원GA3처리사득 SlGA20ox1상대표체량현저상승,이적매소생물합성도경억제단백기인 SlDELLA상대표체량하조,종이증가료적매소적합성。차외,GA3처리도치 SlPIF1‐1、SlPIF4기인재자예중하조표체,이재웅예중상대표체수평변화불현저。재웅예중,외원GA3처리사득 SlGA3ox1상대표체량상조,동시,탈락산8?‐간화매대사기인SlCY P707A1여9‐순식‐배양류호라복소가쌍양매기인 SlNCDE1재웅예중야상조표체。이상결과표명,적매소삼여료번가웅예화자예적신장생장,대번가재아고온협박하화주외로유중요조공작용,차저일과정시통과적매소생물합성도경발생작용,이광민색소상호작용인자( phytochrome interacting factors ,PIFs)가능삼여료아고온협박하적매소유도적번가화주외로과정적조공。해결과위심입탐색식물격소삼여조공고온유도적번가화주외로적분자궤제제공료연구기출,병위번가항고온재배기술적완선제공료이론의거。
Summary Tomato , one of the most important vegetable crops , is widely cultivated around the world . Blossom drop is a common growing problem that can be extremely frustrating to the tomato production . The most frequent cause of tomato blossom drop is inappropriate temperature . In hot season , the stigma exsertion often occurs and causes the unsuccessful self‐pollination , and finally markedly lowers fruit‐setting .
<br> In this study , exogenous spray of indole‐3‐acetic acid ( IAA , natural auxins) , gibberellin A3 ( GA3 ) , jasmonic acid (JA) and 2 , 4‐epibrassinolide ( EBR) with different concentrations on tomato flower buds was conducted under controlled heat stress conditions using tomato cv .?Micro‐Tom" , aiming to evaluate the influence of plant hormones on the heat‐induced stigma exsertion . The growth of stamen and pistil was compared among different treatments . Meanwhile , using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction ( qRT‐PCR) , the changes of expression levels of some important genes involving auxin ( IAA ) , gibberellin ( GA ) , and abscisic acid ( ABA ) signaling pathways , as well as phytochrome interacting factor ( PIF) family genes were examined as exposed to exogenous GA3 or paclobutrazol ( PAC) under moderate heat stress .
<br> The results indicated that tomato grown under the moderate heat stress developed the flowers with longer style and protruding stigma . Spraying GA3 under the moderate heat stress accelerated the tomato stigma exsertion , and the percentage of flowers for the stigma exsertion increased , whereas PAC , the inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis , could rescue the extent of stigma exsertion to some degree . Moreover , continuous GA3 application on the flower buds could significantly increase the tomato fruit‐setting . Furthermore , JA treatment showed similar effects on increasing the percentage of flowers for stigma exsertion , but the exsertion extent was not obvious . However , the effect of IAA and EBR treatments on stigma exsertion also was not obvious . The expression analysis on eight hormone‐related genes as well as four SlPIF genes in tomato stamen and pistil showed that the relative expression level of the gibberellin biosynthesis genes SlGA20ox2 , encoding the main GA20ox in tomato , was significantly up‐regulated in pistil when the flower buds were treated with GA3 under the moderate heat stress , whereas the gene SlDELLA , a repressor in the gibberellin signaling pathway , was down‐regulated . In contrast , in stamen , SlGA3ox1 , expected to be a negative feedback regulation in the gibberellin signaling pathway , was significantly up‐regulated . The genes SlNCDE1 encoding a 9‐cis‐epoxy‐carotenoid dioxygenase and SlCY P707A1 participating in putative ( + ) ABA 8?‐hydroxylase metabolism were up‐regulated in stamen . Moreover , SlPIF1‐1 and SlPIF4 were down‐regulated in pistil .
<br> In conclusion , under the moderate heat stress , gibberellin participates in the stamen and pistil elongation growth and has an important regulatory role in tomato stigma exsertion through gibberellin biosynthetic pathway , and the PIF may be involved in the regulation of gibberellin inducing tomato stigma exsertion event . Our study may provide some helpful information for further elucidating the precise roles of plant hormones on tomato stigma exsertion as well as enhancing fruit yields under the moderate heat stress .
