CAJ | 학술논문

以宁夏灵武白芨滩国家级自然保护区为研究区，选择荒漠草原区、人工固沙林地和流动半流动沙地3类生境7个样地，利用T ullg ren干漏斗法和手拣法采集土壤动物，研究土壤动物多样性及其与环境因子的相关性.结果共获得2门3纲8目18科土壤动物，跗线螨科、步甲科和叶蝉科为3类生境下土壤动物群落的优势类群.荒漠草原区土壤动物物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数显著高于人工固沙林地和流动半流动沙地(P＜0.05)，人工固沙林地均匀度指数和多样性指数最低，而优势度指数显著高于荒漠草原区和流动半流动沙地( P＜0.05)；在不同生境下土壤动物垂直分布随土层深度的增加而降低，在0～5 cm土层各指数均达到最高值，表聚性较为明显；在不同生境下相同深度土层中的土壤动物丰富度指数和多样性指数均表现为荒漠草原区＞人工固沙林地＞流动半流动沙地，说明伴随着生境异质性的增加，土壤动物多样性趋于复杂；冗余分析显示土壤动物多样性对土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮、全磷和植物多样性反应较为敏感；偏相关分析表明，影响表层土壤动物多样性的主要因子是土壤温度、含水量、有机碳、全氮和植物多样性指数，影响深层土壤动物多样性的主要因子是土壤含水量.
이저하령무백급탄국가급자연보호구위연구구，선택황막초원구、인공고사임지화류동반류동사지3류생경7개양지，이용T ullg ren간루두법화수간법채집토양동물，연구토양동물다양성급기여배경인자적상관성.결과공획득2문3강8목18과토양동물，부선만과、보갑과화협선과위3류생경하토양동물군락적우세류군.황막초원구토양동물물충봉부도지수、균균도지수화다양성지수현저고우인공고사임지화류동반류동사지(P＜0.05)，인공고사임지균균도지수화다양성지수최저，이우세도지수현저고우황막초원구화류동반류동사지( P＜0.05)；재불동생경하토양동물수직분포수토층심도적증가이강저，재0～5 cm토층각지수균체도최고치，표취성교위명현；재불동생경하상동심도토층중적토양동물봉부도지수화다양성지수균표현위황막초원구＞인공고사임지＞류동반류동사지，설명반수착생경이질성적증가，토양동물다양성추우복잡；용여분석현시토양동물다양성대토양함수량、유궤탄、전담、전린화식물다양성반응교위민감；편상관분석표명，영향표층토양동물다양성적주요인자시토양온도、함수량、유궤탄、전담화식물다양성지수，영향심층토양동물다양성적주요인자시토양함수량.
Summary Soil animals play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems . It can not only indicate the subtle variation of habitats , but also reflect the trend of ecological communities . Diversity of soil animals is an important part of biodiversity study of soil . In recent years , desert habitat diversity in Baijitan National Nature Reserve of Lingwu in Ningxia has formed along with the development of control engineering . However , there is lack of the information on the diversity and distribution patterns of soil animals , the correlation between distribution patterns of soil animals and process of habitat change . <br> Knowledge of the temporal variability of soil animal populations and species is crucial to understand the soil community dynamics . The main purposes of this study were to elucidate 1) the characteristics and differences of soil animal diversity at different habitats , and 2 ) the ecological factors affecting the distribution pattern and diversity of soil animals . These studies will have important significance on monitoring and conservation of biological diversity . <br> To understand diversity features of soil faunal community in desert landscape , seven sample plots with the habitat types of desert steppe (DS) , artificial sand‐fixation land (AS) and shifting and semi‐shifting dune land (SL) were selected as study sites . The area of each plot is about 600 m2 (6 m × 100 m) . The segregate efficiency of soil animals among the 0 5 ,5 10 ,10 15 to 15 20 cm layer in different plots was studied using Tullgren and Baermann methods in August , 2013 . Plant diversity was surveyed by quadrat method . Soil temperature , nutrients and physico‐chemical factors were measured . <br> Bypreliminaryidentification,therewere260specimensofsoilanimals,whichbelongedto2phyla,3classes, 8 orders and 18 families . Tarsonemidae , Carabidae and Cicadellidae were the dominant groups . Density index and species richness index of DS were significantly higher than AS and SL ( P<0 .05) . Shannon‐Wiener diversity index of DS were significantly higher than AS ( P<0 .05) . Simpson dominance index of SL was significantly higher than DS ( P<0 .05) . Soil animals were principally assembled on surface layer . The vertical distribution of soil animals decreased with increasing soil depth . The surface aggregation of soil animals in SL was more obvious than that of the AS and DS . The density of soil animals , Simpson dominance index , species richness index and Shannon‐Wiener diversity index were highest on 0 5 cm soil layer in DS , SL and AL . Compared with the same soil layer , richness and Shannon‐Wiener diversity indices showed DS>AS>SL , which turned out that in succession of SL to DS , the density and the number of soil animals increased . Redundancy analysis showed that soil water content , organic carbon , total nitrogen , total phosphorus , and plant diversity index were sensitive to the diversity of soil animals . Partial correlation analysis showed that the main factors affecting the soil animal diversity of surface soil layer were soil temperature , soil water content , organic carbon , total nitrogen and plant diversity index , and the factors affecting the diversity of animal of deep soil layer was soil water content . <br> It is concluded that soil animals in desert habitats are principally assembled on surface layer . Diversity of soil animals is obviously affected by habitat heterogeneity , which tend to be more complicated with higher habitat heterogeneity and lower desertification degree of soil . Soil water content , organic carbon and plant diversity index are the main ecological factors affecting the diversity of desert soil animals .