CAJ | 학술논문

干旱、半干旱区的土壤盐渍化是重要的生态环境问题。黑河流域是我国第二大内陆河流域，研究该地区的土壤盐渍化问题对于我国西部地区的可持续发展具有重要意义。黑河的中游地区集中了流域内绝大部分人口和经济活动（以农业生产为主）。该研究对黑河中游地区表层土壤进行了全面采样，测定了土壤含盐量及其离子构成；并通过主成分分析确定了表征盐渍化程度的第一主成分和表征碱化程度的第二主成分。结合地表-地下水耦合模拟的结果，探讨了研究区水循环过程对土壤盐分特征的影响。研究结果表明，黑河中游表层土壤的盐渍化程度较高，高台-金塔一带盐渍化最严重，含盐量最高可达31.4%，其次为酒泉北部和张掖南部地区，含盐量在0.20%~0.37%之间。黑河中游土壤的盐渍化程度与地下水埋深密切相关。总体而言，地下水埋深越浅，土壤含盐量的均值越高，而标准差越大。研究区土壤主要呈原生盐渍化，次生盐渍化现象不显著。黑河中游土壤碱化程度较轻，碱化程度和盐渍化程度的空间分布呈反向关系。黑河中游的灌溉活动未造成显著的次生盐渍化，但一定程度上提高了土壤的碱化程度。与以往研究相比，该研究更全面地覆盖了黑河中游地区的代表性地点，并定量分析了区域水循环与土壤盐渍化之间的联系，研究结果对于我国西部地区水土资源的可持续开发利用具有重要参考价值。
간한、반간한구적토양염지화시중요적생태배경문제。흑하류역시아국제이대내륙하류역，연구해지구적토양염지화문제대우아국서부지구적가지속발전구유중요의의。흑하적중유지구집중료류역내절대부분인구화경제활동（이농업생산위주）。해연구대흑하중유지구표층토양진행료전면채양，측정료토양함염량급기리자구성；병통과주성분분석학정료표정염지화정도적제일주성분화표정감화정도적제이주성분。결합지표-지하수우합모의적결과，탐토료연구구수순배과정대토양염분특정적영향。연구결과표명，흑하중유표층토양적염지화정도교고，고태-금탑일대염지화최엄중，함염량최고가체31.4%，기차위주천북부화장액남부지구，함염량재0.20%~0.37%지간。흑하중유토양적염지화정도여지하수매심밀절상관。총체이언，지하수매심월천，토양함염량적균치월고，이표준차월대。연구구토양주요정원생염지화，차생염지화현상불현저。흑하중유토양감화정도교경，감화정도화염지화정도적공간분포정반향관계。흑하중유적관개활동미조성현저적차생염지화，단일정정도상제고료토양적감화정도。여이왕연구상비，해연구경전면지복개료흑하중유지구적대표성지점，병정량분석료구역수순배여토양염지화지간적련계，연구결과대우아국서부지구수토자원적가지속개발이용구유중요삼고개치。
Soil salinization is a typical ecological and environmental problem in arid and semi-arid areas. Heihe River Basin (HRB) is the second largest inland river basin in China. Investigation on the soil salinization issue in HRB can provide valuable information to the sustainable development of the western China. The population and economic development (mainly agriculture) in HRB are concentrated in its middle stream area. This study conducted a field campaign of soil sampling in the entire middle HRB. The total salt content and ion composition of top-soil samples were analyzed. Principal component (PC) analysis was performed on the data, which identified the first and second PCs as the indicators of soil salinization and soil alkalization, respectively. Results of integrated surface water-ground water modeling for the study area were also referred to, and the impacts of hydrological processes on the soil salinity were discussed. The major study results include the following. First of all, the top soil of the study area has a high salinity, and soil salinization is most severe along the main Heihe River from Gaotai to Jinta, where the highest total salt content reaches 31.4%. The northern part of Jiuquan and southern part of Zhangye also have significant soil salinization, but not as severe as Gaotai to Jinta, and the salt content ranges from 0.20% to 0.37%. The degree of soil salinization is closely related to the depth to water table, which implies primary salinization. In general, both mean and standard deviation of topsoil salinity increase with depth to water table. As present, soil alkalization is not a problem in the middle HRB, and the spatial distribution of soil alkalinity is negatively correlated with that of soil salinity. The intensive irrigation in the study area has not caused significant secondary salinization, but enhanced the soil alkalinity to a certain extent. Compared to previous studies, this study better covers the typical soils and land uses in the entire middle HRB, and quantitatively analyzed the connection between hydrologic processes and soil salinization in this area. The study results provide insights into the sustainable utilization of water and land resources in the western China.