CAJ | 학술논문

针对隧道式锚碇－围岩系统在拉拔荷载作用下的破坏机理问题，采用有限元法分析了均质岩体中该系统的位移、塑性区和剪力分布情况。结果表明：①加载过程可以分为两个阶段，弹性阶段和塑性阶段。在弹性阶段，变形基本同荷载保持直线变化，当加载达到某一值时，变形增量突增。最终，荷载保持为某一极值，变形继续增大，表现为流动变形直至最终破坏。②隧道锚的破坏形态是下窄上扩，从圆台底部开始往上扩展，在靠近地表处由于没有约束，形成扩散。③围岩的破坏基本上沿着某一塑性区的边界发生破坏。④根据锚碇周围不同路径的剪应力分布可知，破坏面与水平面的夹角和岩体的理论破坏角（45°±φ／2）基本吻合。研究结果为正确认识隧道式锚碇－围岩系统的破坏机理提供了保证。
침대수도식묘정－위암계통재랍발하재작용하적파배궤리문제，채용유한원법분석료균질암체중해계통적위이、소성구화전력분포정황。결과표명：①가재과정가이분위량개계단，탄성계단화소성계단。재탄성계단，변형기본동하재보지직선변화，당가재체도모일치시，변형증량돌증。최종，하재보지위모일겁치，변형계속증대，표현위류동변형직지최종파배。②수도묘적파배형태시하착상확，종원태저부개시왕상확전，재고근지표처유우몰유약속，형성확산。③위암적파배기본상연착모일소성구적변계발생파배。④근거묘정주위불동로경적전응력분포가지，파배면여수평면적협각화암체적이론파배각（45°±φ／2）기본문합。연구결과위정학인식수도식묘정－위암계통적파배궤리제공료보증。
By the finite element numerical calculation ,the failure mechanism of tunnel-type anchorage and surrounding rock system has been analyzed under the pullout loads .The results show that :① the stage of loading process is composed of two stages ,the e‐lastic stage and the plastic stage .In the stage of elastic ,the deformation is linearized with load .When the load reaches a certain val‐ue ,the increment of deformation increases suddenly .Ultimately ,the load still remains unchanged ,but the deformation will continue to increase until failure .② the failure shape of tunnel-type anchorage is narrowed below and expanded above ,the failure is from the bottom to expand above and diffuse when it comes to the surface because there is no constraint .③ the failure of surrounding rock oc‐curs basically along the border of one plastic zone .④ according to the shear stress distribution of different paths around the anchor‐age ,the angle between the failure surface and horizontal plane agrees basically well with the rock mass damage Angle (45° ± φ/2) . The results provide guarantees to correctly understand the failure mechanism of the tunnel anchorage - surrounding rock systems .