CAJ | 학술논문

为了解轮回选择对白菜型冬油菜抗寒性及经济性状的影响，以改良北方白菜型冬油菜抗寒性和产量。以4个抗寒性不同的白菜型冬油菜品种在不同生态条件下轮回选择后代为材料，调查越冬率，鉴定农艺性状，分析生态环境与抗寒性之间的关系以及轮回选择的改良效果。结果表明，随轮回选择世代的升高，越冬率明显增加，轮回选择代数与越冬率存在显著的线性正相关，但轮选效果因材料而显著差异，抗寒性强的品种经轮回选择后越冬率的增幅与遗传增益幅度都要比抗寒性弱的品种小。株高、主花序角果数、角粒数、千粒重、单株产量均随轮选世代的增加呈显著增加，而单株角果数降低，抗寒性差的品种遗传增益增幅较大。生态环境对轮回选择效果有较大影响，在气候条件更为严酷的酒泉试点，轮回选择的遗传增益幅度更大。相关性和逐步回归分析结果表明，株高和主花序角果数均与轮回选择群体单株产量呈显著正相关。通径分析结果表明，在C0群体中，各性状对产量均有直接正向效应，但在C1、C2和C3群体中发生了变化，尤其单株角果数，在强抗寒品种陇油6号C1和C2群体中和耐寒品种天油2号C1和C3群体中通径系数均为负值，对单株产量有较大的负向作用。选择更寒冷的生态环境和抗寒性强的基因型进行轮回选择是改良北方冬油菜抗寒性及经济性状的有效途径。
위료해륜회선택대백채형동유채항한성급경제성상적영향，이개량북방백채형동유채항한성화산량。이4개항한성불동적백채형동유채품충재불동생태조건하륜회선택후대위재료，조사월동솔，감정농예성상，분석생태배경여항한성지간적관계이급륜회선택적개량효과。결과표명，수륜회선택세대적승고，월동솔명현증가，륜회선택대수여월동솔존재현저적선성정상관，단륜선효과인재료이현저차이，항한성강적품충경륜회선택후월동솔적증폭여유전증익폭도도요비항한성약적품충소。주고、주화서각과수、각립수、천립중、단주산량균수륜선세대적증가정현저증가，이단주각과수강저，항한성차적품충유전증익증폭교대。생태배경대륜회선택효과유교대영향，재기후조건경위엄혹적주천시점，륜회선택적유전증익폭도경대。상관성화축보회귀분석결과표명，주고화주화서각과수균여륜회선택군체단주산량정현저정상관。통경분석결과표명，재C0군체중，각성상대산량균유직접정향효응，단재C1、C2화C3군체중발생료변화，우기단주각과수，재강항한품충롱유6호C1화C2군체중화내한품충천유2호C1화C3군체중통경계수균위부치，대단주산량유교대적부향작용。선택경한랭적생태배경화항한성강적기인형진행륜회선택시개량북방동유채항한성급경제성상적유효도경。
To breed cold tolerant Brassica rapa in Northern China,recurrent selection strategy were used with 4 winter rapes in 2 circumstances as Lanzhou and Jiuquan. Over-winter ratio and agronomic traits were investigated using 3 generations at the same location. Results showed that over -winter ratios were significantly increased in higher recurrent selected generations. A significant linear algebra was found between over-winter ratio and recur-rent selection,but the selection effects were significant different among the materials. Plant height,silique density on main inflorescence,seed per silique,thousand seed weight and single plant yield were increased in higher gen-erations,except silique per plant. The increase of over-winter ratio,the above traits and their corresponding ge-netic gains were relatively lower in cold tolerance varieties. Ecological environment obviously influenced recurrent selection effect. The over-winter ratios were lower in Jiuquan which was more frigid,but the genetic gains were higher. Correlation and stepwise regression analysis showed that plant height and silique density on main inflores-cence were significantly correlated to single plant yield. The above traits had direct positive contributions to single plant yield in C0 population,but they changed in higher generations in C1 to C3 . However,silique per plant had di-rect negative contribution to single plant yield in C1 and C2 from Longyou 6( highly tolerant)and C1 and C3 from Tianyou 2( tolerant). In conclusion,recurrent selection in much colder environments was effective to breed cold tolerance winter rape.