CAJ | 학술논문

城市土地利用变化及其生态环境响应是全球环境变化研究的重要组成部分，是可持续发展研究的核心问题。大都市作为人口和产业密集地区，城市土地利用变化剧烈，由此带来的生态环境问题更为显著。在新型城镇化建设背景下，研究大都市城市空间扩展及其生态环境响应，对提高大都市土地利用效能，转变经济增长方式和实现可持续发展具有重要指导意义。文章基于北京市遥感影像数据及相关社会经济数据，构建北京市空间扩展的生态环境响应评价指标体系和模型，对1995─2010年北京市空间扩展的生态环境响应进行了综合评价并分析其驱动力。研究认为：1995─2010年北京市各区县空间扩展的社会经济压力指数不断增大，首都功能核心区和城市功能拓展区各区县社会经济压力指数上升幅度最大，城市发展新区和生态涵养发展区各区县上升趋势较为平缓；除东城区和西城区外，各区县土地利用状态指数有所下降，降低幅度较大的区县有通州、顺义、大兴、平谷和昌平，较小的区县有朝阳、海淀、丰台、石景山和密云；除通州和大兴外，各区县空间扩展的生态环境响应指数均呈上升趋势，净变化量较大的区县主要位于首都功能核心区，生态涵养区和城市发展新区各区县净变化量较小；除通州、顺义、延庆和昌平外，各区县城市空间扩展的生态环境响应综合指数均有所提高，其中东城、西城、海淀和朝阳净变化量较大，顺义、平谷和怀柔净变化量较小，空间格局表现出“中心低、外围高、东南低、西北高”的特征；人口增长、城市化、经济发展、建设用地高速扩展、生态用地减少等对北京城市空间扩展的生态环境响应具有重要影响。
성시토지이용변화급기생태배경향응시전구배경변화연구적중요조성부분，시가지속발전연구적핵심문제。대도시작위인구화산업밀집지구，성시토지이용변화극렬，유차대래적생태배경문제경위현저。재신형성진화건설배경하，연구대도시성시공간확전급기생태배경향응，대제고대도시토지이용효능，전변경제증장방식화실현가지속발전구유중요지도의의。문장기우북경시요감영상수거급상관사회경제수거，구건북경시공간확전적생태배경향응평개지표체계화모형，대1995─2010년북경시공간확전적생태배경향응진행료종합평개병분석기구동력。연구인위：1995─2010년북경시각구현공간확전적사회경제압력지수불단증대，수도공능핵심구화성시공능탁전구각구현사회경제압력지수상승폭도최대，성시발전신구화생태함양발전구각구현상승추세교위평완；제동성구화서성구외，각구현토지이용상태지수유소하강，강저폭도교대적구현유통주、순의、대흥、평곡화창평，교소적구현유조양、해정、봉태、석경산화밀운；제통주화대흥외，각구현공간확전적생태배경향응지수균정상승추세，정변화량교대적구현주요위우수도공능핵심구，생태함양구화성시발전신구각구현정변화량교소；제통주、순의、연경화창평외，각구현성시공간확전적생태배경향응종합지수균유소제고，기중동성、서성、해정화조양정변화량교대，순의、평곡화부유정변화량교소，공간격국표현출“중심저、외위고、동남저、서북고”적특정；인구증장、성시화、경제발전、건설용지고속확전、생태용지감소등대북경성시공간확전적생태배경향응구유중요영향。
That of spatial expansion, land use change and their ecological effects is the core issue should be investigated in urban sustainable development, and moreover this is also a critical topic in global environment change. As densely populated and industrial areas, metropolis experiences dramatic land use changes and therefore significant ecological environment problems as well. Toward to China’s new urbanization, the investigation on spatial expansion and its eco-effects could significantly contribute to improve the land-use efficiency, transform the ways to achieve economic growth and finally meet sustainable development. This paper builds a comprehensive index system to evaluate eco-environment response to urban expansion, and then uses it to analyze the spatial differentiation of eco-environment response and driving forces in 16 districts in Beijing from 1995 to 2010, based on the remote sensing data and related economic-social data of Beijing. We reach five main conclusions: Firstly, the social economy pressure index to urban expansion of all 16 districts in Beijing rise during this period. The index of core urban area and urban function expansion area have largest growth, while that of new urban area and ecological conservation area have more gentle upward trend. Secondly, the land-use state index of districts except Dongcheng and Xicheng declined. The index of Tongzhou, Shunyi, Daxing, Pinggu and Changping have fast reduction, while Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai, Shijingshan and Miyun have slower reduction. Then the ecological environment index of districts except Tongzhou and Daxing showed an upward trend, with core urban area having largest growth and the ecological conservation areas and new urban area experiencing smaller growth. Fourthly, the ecological environment comprehensive index of districts except Tongzhou, Shunyi, Yanqing and Changping increased. The index of Dongcheng, Xicheng, Haidian and Chaoyang have the larger increase, while that of Shunyi, Pinggu and Huairou have the smaller increase. Beijing show spatial patterns of “lower in center, higher in periphery” and “lower in southeast, higher in northwest”. Finally, factors such as population growth, urbanization, economic development, expansion of urban construction land and reduction of ecological land, have huge influence on eco-environmental response to urban expansion in Beijing.