CAJ | 학술논문

土壤重金属污染对生态环境和人类健康造成严重危害，使得土壤重金属污染修复成为全球关注的研究热点之一。根际土壤中存在着数量和种类丰富的微生物种群，是根际环境中最重要的生物因素。重金属污染土壤中根际微生物与植物根系以及土壤形成特殊根际微环境，影响植物重金吸收、转运过程。根际促生菌通过产生植物生长激素类物质促进植物生长，改变根际微环境中重金属元素生物有效性，增加修复植物重金属吸收量，强化重金属污染土壤植物修复效率。近年来，根际促生菌强化重金属污染土壤植物修复效率相关研究文献数量迅速增加，最新研究成果表明：根际促生菌通过菌体表面活性基团吸附，诱导植物系统抗性（ISR），激活植物抗氧化酶活性，分泌高亲和性铁载体（Siderophores）增加根际铁供给量，竞争性抑制重金属元素的根系吸收，改变植物重金属的吸收、转运及胞内分布过程，抑制重金属元素向植物地上部分转运，同时增加农作物产量。文章对根际促生菌影响植物重金属吸收﹑转运最新研究进展进行综述，提出根际促生菌原位定殖，重金属元素亚细胞分布和重金属吸收、转运分子调控机制等方面的深入研究，将有助于进一步阐明重金属污染土壤植物根际促生菌-植物相互作用机制。通过根际促生菌调控农作物可食部分重金属的累积量，为实现中低污染农田安全生产与修复研究提供新思路。
토양중금속오염대생태배경화인류건강조성엄중위해，사득토양중금속오염수복성위전구관주적연구열점지일。근제토양중존재착수량화충류봉부적미생물충군，시근제배경중최중요적생물인소。중금속오염토양중근제미생물여식물근계이급토양형성특수근제미배경，영향식물중금흡수、전운과정。근제촉생균통과산생식물생장격소류물질촉진식물생장，개변근제미배경중중금속원소생물유효성，증가수복식물중금속흡수량，강화중금속오염토양식물수복효솔。근년래，근제촉생균강화중금속오염토양식물수복효솔상관연구문헌수량신속증가，최신연구성과표명：근제촉생균통과균체표면활성기단흡부，유도식물계통항성（ISR），격활식물항양화매활성，분비고친화성철재체（Siderophores）증가근제철공급량，경쟁성억제중금속원소적근계흡수，개변식물중금속적흡수、전운급포내분포과정，억제중금속원소향식물지상부분전운，동시증가농작물산량。문장대근제촉생균영향식물중금속흡수﹑전운최신연구진전진행종술，제출근제촉생균원위정식，중금속원소아세포분포화중금속흡수、전운분자조공궤제등방면적심입연구，장유조우진일보천명중금속오염토양식물근제촉생균-식물상호작용궤제。통과근제촉생균조공농작물가식부분중금속적루적량，위실현중저오염농전안전생산여수복연구제공신사로。
Given that soil pollution heavy metals is a major threat to ecological environment and human well-being. The remediation of heavy metals polluted soils is a hot topic of global concern being vigorously studied these days. This paper presents a review of the current research of the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which are known to play a particular vital role in rhizosphere heavy metals uptake and translocation of plants. The rhizosphere soil harbored a wide variety of microorganisms that are key factors dominating the rhizosphere environment. As known, the rhizosphere provides a complex and dynamic microenvironment where microorganism in metal contaminated soils, in association with the surroundings of plant roots and rhizosphere soil.The PGPG have been shown to possess several characteristics that can alter heavy metal bioavailability, through releasing of plant growth hormones, and thus accentuating heavy metals uptake in plants, eventually resulting in the improvement of phytoremediation efficiency for heavy metal contaminated soil. To date, there has been a boom in numbers of studies that focus on the reinforcement of phytoremediation efficiency involved in the heavy metals tolerant PGPR. Latest studies show that the PGPG could enhance agricultural yields with preventing the upward transport of metal ions to the above ground parts of plants or crops via several mechanism such as, accelerating the metal absorption onto cell rhizobacteria cell wall active and functional groups, inducing plant systemic resistance (ISR), triggering the antioxidant enzymes activity, secreting high affinity iron carrier termed Siderophores into rhizosphere, competitively inhibiting the heavy metal uptake by roots, and modifying the processes of absorption, transportation and intracellular distribution of metal ions. This review provides new progresses about the mechanisms possessed by PGPR that ameliorate heavy metal stress of plants and how the Cd accumulation reduced by the inoculants. Furthermore, the studies of PGPR highlight suit colonization, subcellular distribution and the molecular mechanism of heavy metal uptake and transportation will help to clarify the PGPR-plant interaction mechanism. The conclusion of this review highlight a new insight into the exploration of PGPR on heavy metal contaminated soil crops safety production and remediation.