CAJ | 학술논문

为降低机体的免疫排斥反应，确保移植肾的功能，肾移植患者需长期接受环孢素、他克莫司和西罗莫司等免疫抑制剂治疗。这些药物直接影响细胞代谢，促进牙龈成纤维细胞增殖，致患者药物性牙龈增生。同时，肾移植患者免疫力低下，对病原微生物抵抗力较弱，易致口腔菌斑聚积，罹患牙龈炎甚至牙周炎；而口腔黏膜则易罹患白假丝酵母菌和单纯疱疹病毒感染，罹患毛状白斑、裂纹舌、唇癌和口腔浅表溃疡等疾病。在肾移植术1年后，患者的患龋率增高，可能系免疫抑制剂致唾液中IgA水平下降。30.43%的肾移植患者存在着颌骨畸形，同样可能系免疫抑制剂所致。肾移植术后并发的口腔疾病，不仅影响口腔功能和颜面美观，严重者甚至诱发心血管疾病、糖尿病、消化道疾病等全身疾病。了解肾移植患者与口腔疾病间的关系，有针对性地选择制定治疗措施，可降低治疗中的不良反应，降低口腔及其他器官系统疾病的发生率，提高其生命质量。
위강저궤체적면역배척반응，학보이식신적공능，신이식환자수장기접수배포소、타극막사화서라막사등면역억제제치료。저사약물직접영향세포대사，촉진아간성섬유세포증식，치환자약물성아간증생。동시，신이식환자면역력저하，대병원미생물저항력교약，역치구강균반취적，리환아간염심지아주염；이구강점막칙역리환백가사효모균화단순포진병독감염，리환모상백반、렬문설、진암화구강천표궤양등질병。재신이식술1년후，환자적환우솔증고，가능계면역억제제치타액중IgA수평하강。30.43%적신이식환자존재착합골기형，동양가능계면역억제제소치。신이식술후병발적구강질병，불부영향구강공능화안면미관，엄중자심지유발심혈관질병、당뇨병、소화도질병등전신질병。료해신이식환자여구강질병간적관계，유침대성지선택제정치료조시，가강저치료중적불량반응，강저구강급기타기관계통질병적발생솔，제고기생명질량。
To?reduce?immune?rejection?and?maintain?normal?function?of?the?kidneys,?patients?with?transplanted?renal?need?immunosuppressive?agents,?such?as?cyclosporine,?tacrolimus,?and?sirolimus?for?the?long?term.?These?drugs?directly?influence?cell?metabolism?and?facilitate?the?proliferation?of?fibroblasts,?thereby?leading?to?drug-induced?gingival?overgrowth.?Patients?with?low?immunity?are?vulnerable?to?pathogens,?are?more?likely?to?develop?plaque?deposits,?and?have?gingivitis?or?periodontitis.?As?for?oral?mucous,?these?patients?are?susceptible?to?infections?of?Candida albicans?or?herpes?simplex?virus?and?have?diseases?like?hairy?leukoplakia,?fissured?tongue,?lip?cancer,?and?ulcers.?One?year?after?renal?transplantation,?higher?prevalence?of?caries?is?observed,?which?may?be?related?to?low?salivary?Immunoglobulin?A?levels?caused?by?immunosuppressive?agents.?Patients(30.43%?of?the?total)?have?jaw?deformities,?which?may?also?be?related?to?immunosuppressive?agents.?These?oral?diseases?not?only?affect?oral?functions,?such?as?mastication,?pronunciation,?and?esthetic?appearance,?but?also?cause?severe?systemic?diseases?like?diabetes?mellitus,?cardiovascular?diseases,?and?digestive?tract?diseases.?Knowing?the?relationship?between?renal?transplants?and?oral?diseases?and?choosing?an?appropriate?medication?could?help?reduce?drug-related?side?effects,?decrease?the?prevalence?of?oral?or?other?systematic?diseases,?and?improve?the?quality?of?life?of?renal?transplant?patients.