中国卫生监督杂志
中國衛生鑑督雜誌
중국위생감독잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEALTHINSPECTION
2015年
4期
313-318
,共6页
蒋收获%杨彦敏%贾晖%蔡俊%张海云%沈新%乐欣慰
蔣收穫%楊彥敏%賈暉%蔡俊%張海雲%瀋新%樂訢慰
장수획%양언민%가휘%채준%장해운%침신%악흔위
建设项目%设计卫生审查%预防性卫生评价%预防性卫生监督
建設項目%設計衛生審查%預防性衛生評價%預防性衛生鑑督
건설항목%설계위생심사%예방성위생평개%예방성위생감독
Construction Project%The preventive health examination%Preventive health supervision
20世纪90年代初“二法五条例”的颁布意味着建设项目设计卫生审查制度初步形成,1991年的《公共场所卫生管理条例实施细则》确立了公共场所卫生学预评价制度。1996年卫生监督体系改革拉开序幕,改革明确了卫生监督在整个卫生体系中的地位和作用,界定了卫生监督与疾病预防控制对审查监督和监测评价的职能划分,机构内部职能分工与科室设置得以理顺,建设项目设计卫生审查职能的行使得到了组织保障。2009年《食品安全法》和2011年《职业病防治法》的修订调整了卫生监督机构的职能,食品卫生和职业卫生不再属于建设项目设计卫生审查对象,设计卫生审查的范围进一步缩小。经过了三十余年的发展,执法机构的组织体系建设成效卓著,但设计卫生审查的法律依据依然缺位,立法进展缓慢,评价机构日趋市场化,系统的评价规范和技术导则有待制定。
20世紀90年代初“二法五條例”的頒佈意味著建設項目設計衛生審查製度初步形成,1991年的《公共場所衛生管理條例實施細則》確立瞭公共場所衛生學預評價製度。1996年衛生鑑督體繫改革拉開序幕,改革明確瞭衛生鑑督在整箇衛生體繫中的地位和作用,界定瞭衛生鑑督與疾病預防控製對審查鑑督和鑑測評價的職能劃分,機構內部職能分工與科室設置得以理順,建設項目設計衛生審查職能的行使得到瞭組織保障。2009年《食品安全法》和2011年《職業病防治法》的脩訂調整瞭衛生鑑督機構的職能,食品衛生和職業衛生不再屬于建設項目設計衛生審查對象,設計衛生審查的範圍進一步縮小。經過瞭三十餘年的髮展,執法機構的組織體繫建設成效卓著,但設計衛生審查的法律依據依然缺位,立法進展緩慢,評價機構日趨市場化,繫統的評價規範和技術導則有待製定。
20세기90년대초“이법오조례”적반포의미착건설항목설계위생심사제도초보형성,1991년적《공공장소위생관리조례실시세칙》학립료공공장소위생학예평개제도。1996년위생감독체계개혁랍개서막,개혁명학료위생감독재정개위생체계중적지위화작용,계정료위생감독여질병예방공제대심사감독화감측평개적직능화분,궤구내부직능분공여과실설치득이리순,건설항목설계위생심사직능적행사득도료조직보장。2009년《식품안전법》화2011년《직업병방치법》적수정조정료위생감독궤구적직능,식품위생화직업위생불재속우건설항목설계위생심사대상,설계위생심사적범위진일보축소。경과료삼십여년적발전,집법궤구적조직체계건설성효탁저,단설계위생심사적법률의거의연결위,입법진전완만,평개궤구일추시장화,계통적평개규범화기술도칙유대제정。
This paper reviewed the developmental situation of hygienic assessment and design review system in con?struction project."Practice details of management rules for public places"in 1991 established hygienic assessment system, the rudiment of design review system in construction project started from several department rules in the early 1990's. The reform of health supervision system in 2000s made clear the role of health supervision in the whole health system, defined the responsibility of health supervision institutions and CDC in hygienic assessment and design review. Food Safety Law in 2009 and Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases in 2011 adjusted the function of health supervision institutions, further reducing the range of design review. After more than 30 years of development, construction of law enforcement agen?cies in design review system was successful. however, Legal basis of design review was still absent, the legislative progress was too slow. As the hygienic assessment agencies developed market-oriented, specification of hygienic evaluation for spe?cific project content in in construction project need to be develop.