CAJ | 학술논문

目的：分析四川省彝族贫困农村妇女孕产期保健行为的现状及影响因素。方法于2012年，按照多阶段分层整群抽样原则，抽取四川省凉山州两个贫困县的14个村为调查地，每个村抽取至少10名有0~12月龄婴儿的妇女作为调查对象，共计284名。基于理性行为理论设计结构式调查问卷，由经过培训的彝族女大学生对调查对象进行调查。调查指标包括产前检查率、住院分娩率、产后检查率、社会人口学特征、孕产期保健知识的认知等，采用χ2检验比较不同组别之间上述指标差异，运用结构方程模型进行统计分析。结果在284名调查对象中，拥有2个以上孩子者占51.7%（147名），30岁以上者占41.6%（118名），文盲占87.3%（248名）；产前检查率为69.7%（197名），住院分娩率为26.8%(76名)，产后检查率为22.9%(65名)。孩子数量、年龄、文化程度是孕产期保健行为的影响因素（χ2值分别为10.92、13.24、9.58，P值分别为0.027、0.004、0.008）。结构方程模型分析结果表明，孕产期保健行为主要受主观行为规范（β=0.236，P<0.001）、妇女对孕产期保健的认知（β=0.226，P=0.020）、态度（β=0.157，P=0.001）等因素的直接及间接影响；在主观行为规范中，调查对象对其丈夫（β=0.850， P<0.001）、同伴（β=0.708，P<0.001）、婆婆（β=0.636，P<0.001）的态度依从性较高。结论四川彝族贫困农村妇女孕产期保健行为问题严峻，其主要影响因素不仅包括自身对孕产期保健的认知和态度，同时还包括对周围重要社会关系人群的态度。
목적：분석사천성이족빈곤농촌부녀잉산기보건행위적현상급영향인소。방법우2012년，안조다계단분층정군추양원칙，추취사천성량산주량개빈곤현적14개촌위조사지，매개촌추취지소10명유0~12월령영인적부녀작위조사대상，공계284명。기우이성행위이론설계결구식조사문권，유경과배훈적이족녀대학생대조사대상진행조사。조사지표포괄산전검사솔、주원분면솔、산후검사솔、사회인구학특정、잉산기보건지식적인지등，채용χ2검험비교불동조별지간상술지표차이，운용결구방정모형진행통계분석。결과재284명조사대상중，옹유2개이상해자자점51.7%（147명），30세이상자점41.6%（118명），문맹점87.3%（248명）；산전검사솔위69.7%（197명），주원분면솔위26.8%(76명)，산후검사솔위22.9%(65명)。해자수량、년령、문화정도시잉산기보건행위적영향인소（χ2치분별위10.92、13.24、9.58，P치분별위0.027、0.004、0.008）。결구방정모형분석결과표명，잉산기보건행위주요수주관행위규범（β=0.236，P<0.001）、부녀대잉산기보건적인지（β=0.226，P=0.020）、태도（β=0.157，P=0.001）등인소적직접급간접영향；재주관행위규범중，조사대상대기장부（β=0.850， P<0.001）、동반（β=0.708，P<0.001）、파파（β=0.636，P<0.001）적태도의종성교고。결론사천이족빈곤농촌부녀잉산기보건행위문제엄준，기주요영향인소불부포괄자신대잉산기보건적인지화태도，동시환포괄대주위중요사회관계인군적태도。
Objective To analyze the status of maternal health behaviors and it's risk factors for Yi-nationality women in poor rural areas of Sichuan province. Methods In 2012, multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 14 villages of two poor counties in Liangshan Yi-nationality autonomous prefecture Sichuan province. At least 10 women who have infants aged 0-12 months were selected in each simple villages, a total of 284. The structured questionnaire was developed on the basis of the theory of reasoned action. Yi-nationality female college students were trained as investigators. Research indicators included prenatal care rate, hospital delivery rate, postpartum examination rate, socio-demographic characteristics, maternal health care knowledge. χ2 test was used to compare the differences of above indicators among different groups .The structural equation model were used to statistical analyze. Results In the 284 subject women, 51.7%(147/284) women owned more than 2 children, 41.6%(118/284)women were more than 30 years old, 87.3%(248/284)women were illiteracy. The prenatal care rate was 69.7%(197/284), the hospital delivery rate was 26.8%(76/284), and the postnatal check rate was 22.9%(65/284). The influence factors of maternal health behaviors included the number of children, age and education (χ2 were 10.92,13.24,9.58;P values were 0.027, 0.004, 0.008, respectively).The structural equation model analysis results showed that the maternal health behaviors were directly or indirectly affected by subjective norms (β= 0.236, P<0.001), women's cognition (β= 0.226,P=0.020) and women's attitudes on maternal health behavior (β=0.157, P=0.001). Among subjective norms, women have high compliance to their husbands (β=0.850, P<0.001), their peers (β=0.708, P<0.001), and their mothers-in-law (β=0.636, P<0.001). Conclusion There were still serious problems in maternal health behaviors for Yi- nationality women in poor rural areas. The main factors included not only the women's cognition and attitudes for maternal health, but also the attitudes of important social relationships.