渔业科学进展
漁業科學進展
어업과학진전
MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH
2015年
4期
65-72
,共8页
宿鑫%李永东%何雄波%卢伙胜%颜云榕
宿鑫%李永東%何雄波%盧夥勝%顏雲榕
숙흠%리영동%하웅파%로화성%안운용
北部湾%鲔%摄食习性%性腺发育
北部灣%鮪%攝食習性%性腺髮育
북부만%유%섭식습성%성선발육
Beibu Gulf%Euthynnus affinis%Feeding habits%Gonadal development
基于2008年9月-2009年9月在北部湾逐月采集的435尾鲔(Euthynnus affinis)生物学数据，对鲔生长、摄食习性及其随生长发育的变化进行了分析。结果显示，北部湾鲔属于广食性鱼类，主要摄食中上层小型鱼类，另外还包括底栖鱼类、甲壳类和头足类等。少鳞犀鳕(Bregmaceros rarisquamosus，45.50%)、青带小公鱼(Stolephorus zollingeri，11.81%)和长颌棱鳀(Theyssa setirostris，5.89%)为鲔优势饵料生物种类，并且其主要饵料生物种类随采样时间的不同而有所差异，如金色小沙丁鱼(Sardinella aurita，1月)、未能鉴定鱼类(4-7月)、长颌棱鳀(8月)、条鲾(Leignathus riviulatus，9月)、青带小公鱼(10月)、少鳞犀鳕(11–翌年3月)。体长小于340 mm 的鲔个体随体长的增加其平均摄食饵料生物的个数与质量呈上升趋势；体长在341-520 mm 范围内的鲔个体，随着体长的增加其平均摄食饵料生物的个数与质量总体上呈现下降趋势。鲔产卵主要集中在4-8月，根据雌性GSI(性腺成熟度指数)分析，具有两个产卵高峰期(6月、8月)，产卵高峰期和中上层水温的升高有密切关系。鲔的摄食强度在性腺发育过程中波动较大，但在产卵期间，其摄食强度并未明显降低。
基于2008年9月-2009年9月在北部灣逐月採集的435尾鮪(Euthynnus affinis)生物學數據，對鮪生長、攝食習性及其隨生長髮育的變化進行瞭分析。結果顯示，北部灣鮪屬于廣食性魚類，主要攝食中上層小型魚類，另外還包括底棲魚類、甲殼類和頭足類等。少鱗犀鱈(Bregmaceros rarisquamosus，45.50%)、青帶小公魚(Stolephorus zollingeri，11.81%)和長頜稜鳀(Theyssa setirostris，5.89%)為鮪優勢餌料生物種類，併且其主要餌料生物種類隨採樣時間的不同而有所差異，如金色小沙丁魚(Sardinella aurita，1月)、未能鑒定魚類(4-7月)、長頜稜鳀(8月)、條鲾(Leignathus riviulatus，9月)、青帶小公魚(10月)、少鱗犀鱈(11–翌年3月)。體長小于340 mm 的鮪箇體隨體長的增加其平均攝食餌料生物的箇數與質量呈上升趨勢；體長在341-520 mm 範圍內的鮪箇體，隨著體長的增加其平均攝食餌料生物的箇數與質量總體上呈現下降趨勢。鮪產卵主要集中在4-8月，根據雌性GSI(性腺成熟度指數)分析，具有兩箇產卵高峰期(6月、8月)，產卵高峰期和中上層水溫的升高有密切關繫。鮪的攝食彊度在性腺髮育過程中波動較大，但在產卵期間，其攝食彊度併未明顯降低。
기우2008년9월-2009년9월재북부만축월채집적435미유(Euthynnus affinis)생물학수거，대유생장、섭식습성급기수생장발육적변화진행료분석。결과현시，북부만유속우엄식성어류，주요섭식중상층소형어류，령외환포괄저서어류、갑각류화두족류등。소린서설(Bregmaceros rarisquamosus，45.50%)、청대소공어(Stolephorus zollingeri，11.81%)화장합릉제(Theyssa setirostris，5.89%)위유우세이료생물충류，병차기주요이료생물충류수채양시간적불동이유소차이，여금색소사정어(Sardinella aurita，1월)、미능감정어류(4-7월)、장합릉제(8월)、조픽(Leignathus riviulatus，9월)、청대소공어(10월)、소린서설(11–익년3월)。체장소우340 mm 적유개체수체장적증가기평균섭식이료생물적개수여질량정상승추세；체장재341-520 mm 범위내적유개체，수착체장적증가기평균섭식이료생물적개수여질량총체상정현하강추세。유산란주요집중재4-8월，근거자성GSI(성선성숙도지수)분석，구유량개산란고봉기(6월、8월)，산란고봉기화중상층수온적승고유밀절관계。유적섭식강도재성선발육과정중파동교대，단재산란기간，기섭식강도병미명현강저。
To study the mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) feeding habits and its ontogenetic diet shifts, 435 mackerel tuna were collected for an annual research from September 2008 to September 2009 in the main fishing ports such as Beihai, Basuo, Sanya and Jianghong of the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. Results showed that the mackerel tuna of the Beibu Gulf was omnivorous and it predated not only the small pelagic fish but also the benthic fish, crustaceans and cephalopods. Pisces were dominant in the diets with the percentage of Index of Relative Importance (IRI%) of 98.57%. Among these, 21 species were identified. As indicated with IRI%, Bregmaceros rarisquamosus (45.50%), Stolephorus zollingeri (11.81%), Theyssa setirostris (5.89%), and Sardinella aurita (5.87%) were principal in the food cons-ituent. The main species changed monthly and it was Sardinella aurita in January; Bregmaceros rarisquamosus in February, March, November, December; Unidentified Pisces from April to July;Sardinella aurita in August; Leignathus riviulatus in September; Stolephorus zollingeri in October. The prey weight and numbers increased when body size of mackerel tuna was less than 340 mm (SL<340 mm), but there were decreased when body size of mackerel tuna was from 341 to 520 (341-520 mm). The spawning periods of the mackerel tuna were spring and summer, mainly from April to August. There were two spawn peaks, June and August, which were recognized by the female gonad somatic index (GSI) that maintained strong feeding intensity during the reproduction periods. Moreover, the peak periods were consistent with the water temperature of pelagic layers provided by France CATSAT fisheries remote sensing system.
