CAJ | 학술논문

本文以西北甘肃、青海和新疆三地的调研数据为基础，从认同过程、社会融合、政策干预和社会分化四个维度，提出关于少数民族国家认同和民族认同影响因素的4个总假设和10个子假设，运用STATA软件分别对自变量国家认同和民族认同做序次Logit回归分析，检验了相关假设。数据表明：1.年龄与国家认同的关系呈现“正U型”，与民族认同的关系呈“倒U型”；2.就业对国家认同具有正向增强作用，而对民族认同则具有负向削弱作用；3.民族优惠政策执行偏差的消极作用显现，双语教育对国家认同和民族认同具有正向积极效果；4.收入、政治身份（党员）和户籍（城市化）对少数民族的国家认同具有正向作用，收入与民族认同是负相关关系；5.性别和教育程度对少数民族的民族认同和国家认同没有显著性影响。本研究的结论与当前学术界的一些“流行”观点有较大差异。据此认为，在现阶段的中国，不应盲目改变现行民族优惠政策，而应该采取保守老成的策略———“用发展解决发展中的问题”。积极为少数民族实现充分就业、分享城市化的好处创造必要条件，增加少数民族收入水平避免“阶层固化”而形成族群性社会分层。
본문이서북감숙、청해화신강삼지적조연수거위기출，종인동과정、사회융합、정책간예화사회분화사개유도，제출관우소수민족국가인동화민족인동영향인소적4개총가설화10개자가설，운용STATA연건분별대자변량국가인동화민족인동주서차Logit회귀분석，검험료상관가설。수거표명：1.년령여국가인동적관계정현“정U형”，여민족인동적관계정“도U형”；2.취업대국가인동구유정향증강작용，이대민족인동칙구유부향삭약작용；3.민족우혜정책집행편차적소겁작용현현，쌍어교육대국가인동화민족인동구유정향적겁효과；4.수입、정치신빈（당원）화호적（성시화）대소수민족적국가인동구유정향작용，수입여민족인동시부상관관계；5.성별화교육정도대소수민족적민족인동화국가인동몰유현저성영향。본연구적결론여당전학술계적일사“류행”관점유교대차이。거차인위，재현계단적중국，불응맹목개변현행민족우혜정책，이응해채취보수로성적책략———“용발전해결발전중적문제”。적겁위소수민족실현충분취업、분향성시화적호처창조필요조건，증가소수민족수입수평피면“계층고화”이형성족군성사회분층。
By using STATA software to do order Logit regression analysis of the independent variables of national identity and ethnic identity respectively, the author of this paper firstly proposes four general hy-potheses and ten sub-hypotheses about the factors influencing minorities’ national identity and ethnic iden-tity from the four dimensions of identification process, social integration, policy intervention, and social dif-ferentiation, then tests them by the data from three provinces ( Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang) in Northwest <br> China.The data reveals the following five phenomena:1) the relationship between age and national identity shows the“U” shape, and the relationship between age and ethnic identity shows the reversed“U” shape;2 ) employment plays the positive effect on national identity and the negative effect on national identity;3 ) the implementation deviation of ethnic preferential policy causes some negative effects, and the bilingual ed-ucation plays the positive effects on both national identity and national identity;4) income, political status ( party member) and the household registration ( urbanization) play the positive effect on national identity of ethnic minorities, but the relation between income and ethnic identity shows negative;5 ) both gender and education play no significant effect on ethnic identity and national identity.These phenomena differ from some existed viewpoints in current academia.Based on the above-mentioned results, the author holds that the current preferential ethnic policies should not be changed blindly at the present stage of China, the con-servative strategy, i.e.“to solve problems in development through development” ought to be taken.We should take positive measures to solve the employment problem of ethnic minorities, to create necessary con-ditions for minorities to share the benefits of urbanization, and to increase their income level but to avoid“stratum solidification” and the emergence of “ethnic stratification”.