CAJ | 학술논문

为了研究低氮密植栽培对水稻分蘖发生及成穗率、干物质积累及其转化、氮素利用率和产量的影响,2012—2013年以超级稻Y两优1号为材料,在湖南长沙和海南澄迈进行了施氮量(75、150、225 kg N hm–2)与栽插密度(68、40、27、19穴 m–2),每穴苗数(单、双、三本穴–1)与栽插密度(40、27、19、14穴 m–2)的大田栽培试验。结果表明,在基本苗数相同或相近的条件下,减苗增密在齐穗期和成熟期的干物质量及产量分别比增苗减密高10.5%、5.2%和2.9%,有效穗数对产量的贡献最大,达到显著水平；在低氮密植条件下,有效分蘖期缩短6 d左右,分蘖成穗率、表观转化率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素籽粒生产效率分别提高10.9%、21.0%、150.6%和19.6%。在施氮量为75 kg N hm–2的密植(40~68穴 m–2)条件下,齐穗期和成熟期的干物质量及长沙点产量分别比中、高氮(150~225 kg N hm–2)常规密度(19~27穴 m–2)低3.2%、7.5%和1.2%,但差异不显著,而澄迈点产量在2012年和2013年分别比之低5.2%和高9.1%,且差异均达显著水平。在施氮量为150 kg N hm–2的密植条件下,成熟期干物质量比高氮常规密度低1.7%,但齐穗期干物质量和产量比高氮常规密度高10.3%和3.3%。因此,超级稻采用低氮密植栽培,在100~150 kg N hm–2和40穴 m–2条件下提早了够苗期,增加了有效穗数,提高了分蘖成穗率和结实率,加之齐穗期适宜的干物质积累和较高的表观转化率,有利于高产的形成和氮肥利用率的提高。
위료연구저담밀식재배대수도분얼발생급성수솔、간물질적루급기전화、담소이용솔화산량적영향,2012—2013년이초급도Y량우1호위재료,재호남장사화해남징매진행료시담량(75、150、225 kg N hm–2)여재삽밀도(68、40、27、19혈 m–2),매혈묘수(단、쌍、삼본혈–1)여재삽밀도(40、27、19、14혈 m–2)적대전재배시험。결과표명,재기본묘수상동혹상근적조건하,감묘증밀재제수기화성숙기적간물질량급산량분별비증묘감밀고10.5%、5.2%화2.9%,유효수수대산량적공헌최대,체도현저수평；재저담밀식조건하,유효분얼기축단6 d좌우,분얼성수솔、표관전화솔、담비편생산력화담소자립생산효솔분별제고10.9%、21.0%、150.6%화19.6%。재시담량위75 kg N hm–2적밀식(40~68혈 m–2)조건하,제수기화성숙기적간물질량급장사점산량분별비중、고담(150~225 kg N hm–2)상규밀도(19~27혈 m–2)저3.2%、7.5%화1.2%,단차이불현저,이징매점산량재2012년화2013년분별비지저5.2%화고9.1%,차차이균체현저수평。재시담량위150 kg N hm–2적밀식조건하,성숙기간물질량비고담상규밀도저1.7%,단제수기간물질량화산량비고담상규밀도고10.3%화3.3%。인차,초급도채용저담밀식재배,재100~150 kg N hm–2화40혈 m–2조건하제조료구묘기,증가료유효수수,제고료분얼성수솔화결실솔,가지제수기괄의적간물질적루화교고적표관전화솔,유리우고산적형성화담비이용솔적제고。
In order to study the impacts of low nitrogen rate combined with high plant density on tillering, earbearing tiller per-centage, dry matter accumulation, apparent transformation rate, N-use efficiency and grain yield, field experiments with three nitrogen rates (75, 150, and 225 kg N ha–1) and four plant densities (68, 40, 27, and 19 hill m–2) as well as with three levels of number of seedlings per hill (1, 2, and 3 seedling(s) hill–1) and four plant densities (40, 27, 19, and 14 hill m–2) were conducted using super rice cultivar Y-liangyou 1 at Changsha, Hunan Province and Chengmai, Hainan Province in 2012–2013. The results showed that when seedlings per unit area were the same orapproximate in combination with reducing seedlings per hill and in-creasing density (RSID), the dry matter accumulated 10.5% and 5.2% more than those with increasing seedlings per hill and re-ducing density (ISRD) at heading and maturity, respectively. RSID also produced 2.9% higher grain yield than ISRD. Panicles m–2 had the highest and significant contribution to grain yield in RSID. Productive tillering stage was shorter by six days, and earbearing tiller percentage, apparent transformation rate (ATR), partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen (PEP) and internal utilization efficiency of nitrogen (IE) were respectively higher by 10.9%, 21.0%, 150.6%, and 19.6% under low nitrogen rate (75–150 kg N ha–1) combined with high plant density (40–68 hills m–2) than under higher nitrogen rate (225 kg N ha–1) combined with low plant density (19–27 hills m–2). The combination of applying 75 kg N ha–1 and transplanting 40–68 hills m–2 produced 3.2% and 7.5% biomass less than those of applying 150–225 kg N ha–1 and transplanting 19–27 hills m–2 at heading and maturity, respectively, but the differences were not significant. Meanwhile, the former combination decreased 1.2% and 5.2% grain yield at Changsha in two years and at Chengmai in 2012, respectively, while increased 9.1% at Chengmai in 2013, and the differences were significant at Chengmai. However, the combination of applying 150 kg N ha–1 and transplanting 40–68 hills m–2 produced 10.3% biomass and 3.3% grain yield more than that of applying 225 kg N ha–1 and transplanting 19–27 hills m–2, except for biomass decreased 1.7% at maturity. Therefore, the adoption of low nitrogen rate (100–150 kg N ha–1) combined with high planting density (40 hills m–2) would improve both grain yield and N-use efficiency for super rice due to reaching the projected tillers earlier, increasing panicles, improving earbearing tiller percentage and seed setting rate, and having suitable biomass and higher ATR at heading stage.