作物学报
作物學報
작물학보
ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA
2015年
10期
1537-1547
,共11页
李淑娅%田少阳%袁国印%葛均筑%徐莹%王梦影%曹凑贵%翟中兵%凌霄霞%展茗%赵明
李淑婭%田少暘%袁國印%葛均築%徐瑩%王夢影%曹湊貴%翟中兵%凌霄霞%展茗%趙明
리숙아%전소양%원국인%갈균축%서형%왕몽영%조주귀%적중병%릉소하%전명%조명
玉稻种植模式%产量%资源利用效率%经济效益
玉稻種植模式%產量%資源利用效率%經濟效益
옥도충식모식%산량%자원이용효솔%경제효익
Maize and Rice Cropping system%Yield%Natural resource use efficiency%Economic benefit
发展长江中游玉米生产是解决本区域玉米产需矛盾的根本途径。近年来随着长江中游玉米的快速发展,该地区出现了春玉米–晚稻、双季玉米和早稻–秋玉米等新型的一年两熟制种植模式,为探明其适应性和实用性,2013—2014年在湖北省武穴市设置了传统种植的双季稻(对照)、春玉米–晚稻、双季玉米和早稻–秋玉米共4种两熟制种植模式,分析比较其周年产量及光、温、水资源利用效率和经济效益。结果表明,春玉米–晚稻和双季玉米周年产量显著高于早稻–秋玉米和双季稻。与双季稻相比,春玉米–晚稻周年产量、光能生产效率、光能利用率、积温生产效率、水分利用率及经济效益分别提高18.3%、14.1%、23.4%、16.4%、37.2%和44.3%,双季玉米分别提高了13.5%、8.1%、26.1%、11.4%、88.8%和37.8%。春玉米其产量、积温生产效率、水分利用率及经济效益两年平均比早稻分别高出30.6%、29.5%、57.2%和96.1%,而秋玉米和晚稻之间产量无显著差异。不同玉稻模式周年产量差异主要源于第一季春玉米和早稻产量的差异。可见,春玉米–晚稻和双季玉米是适宜在长江中游推广的两熟制种植模式。
髮展長江中遊玉米生產是解決本區域玉米產需矛盾的根本途徑。近年來隨著長江中遊玉米的快速髮展,該地區齣現瞭春玉米–晚稻、雙季玉米和早稻–鞦玉米等新型的一年兩熟製種植模式,為探明其適應性和實用性,2013—2014年在湖北省武穴市設置瞭傳統種植的雙季稻(對照)、春玉米–晚稻、雙季玉米和早稻–鞦玉米共4種兩熟製種植模式,分析比較其週年產量及光、溫、水資源利用效率和經濟效益。結果錶明,春玉米–晚稻和雙季玉米週年產量顯著高于早稻–鞦玉米和雙季稻。與雙季稻相比,春玉米–晚稻週年產量、光能生產效率、光能利用率、積溫生產效率、水分利用率及經濟效益分彆提高18.3%、14.1%、23.4%、16.4%、37.2%和44.3%,雙季玉米分彆提高瞭13.5%、8.1%、26.1%、11.4%、88.8%和37.8%。春玉米其產量、積溫生產效率、水分利用率及經濟效益兩年平均比早稻分彆高齣30.6%、29.5%、57.2%和96.1%,而鞦玉米和晚稻之間產量無顯著差異。不同玉稻模式週年產量差異主要源于第一季春玉米和早稻產量的差異。可見,春玉米–晚稻和雙季玉米是適宜在長江中遊推廣的兩熟製種植模式。
발전장강중유옥미생산시해결본구역옥미산수모순적근본도경。근년래수착장강중유옥미적쾌속발전,해지구출현료춘옥미–만도、쌍계옥미화조도–추옥미등신형적일년량숙제충식모식,위탐명기괄응성화실용성,2013—2014년재호북성무혈시설치료전통충식적쌍계도(대조)、춘옥미–만도、쌍계옥미화조도–추옥미공4충량숙제충식모식,분석비교기주년산량급광、온、수자원이용효솔화경제효익。결과표명,춘옥미–만도화쌍계옥미주년산량현저고우조도–추옥미화쌍계도。여쌍계도상비,춘옥미–만도주년산량、광능생산효솔、광능이용솔、적온생산효솔、수분이용솔급경제효익분별제고18.3%、14.1%、23.4%、16.4%、37.2%화44.3%,쌍계옥미분별제고료13.5%、8.1%、26.1%、11.4%、88.8%화37.8%。춘옥미기산량、적온생산효솔、수분이용솔급경제효익량년평균비조도분별고출30.6%、29.5%、57.2%화96.1%,이추옥미화만도지간산량무현저차이。불동옥도모식주년산량차이주요원우제일계춘옥미화조도산량적차이。가견,춘옥미–만도화쌍계옥미시괄의재장강중유추엄적량숙제충식모식。
The development of maize production is important to solve the contradiction between maize production and require-ment for people in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. With the rapid development of maize production recently, some new dou-ble cropping systems in a whole year such as spring maize–late rice, double season maize, early rice–autumn maize have been emerged in this region. In order to explore the extension potential of these double cropping systems in this region, four kinds of double cropping systems were tested in Wuxue, Hubei province in 2013 and 2014, including traditional double season rice (RR), spring maize–late rice (MR), double season maize (MM) and early rice–autumn maize (RM). The field experiment with three replicates was conducted to analyze annual yield, use efficiencies of solar radiation, heat and water, and economic benefit of the four cropping systems. The results showed that annual yield of MR and MM were significantly higher than that of RM and RR. Compared with RR, MR increased annual yield, solar radiation productive efficiency, solar radiation use efficiency, accumulated heat productive efficiency, water use efficiency and economic benefit by 18.3%, 14.1%, 23.4%, 16.4%, 37.2%, and 44.3%, re- spectively; meanwhile, MM enhanced these paremeters by 13.5%, 8.1%, 26.1%, 11.4%, 88.8%, and 37.8%, respectively. The grain yield of spring maize was 30.6% higher than that of early rice, and there was no significant difference in yield between au-tumn maize and late rice. In comparison with early rice, spring maize increased accumulated heat productive efficiency, water use efficiency and economic benefit in the two years by 29.5%, 57.2%, and 96.1%, respectively. So the difference in annual yield of different cropping systems mainly results from yield difference between the first season spring maize and early season rice. The cropping systems of spring maize–late rice and double season maize are appropriate to be extended in the middle reaches of Yang-tze River.
