风景园林
風景園林
풍경완림
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
2015年
8期
16-22
,共7页
风景园林%乡土景观%圩田%荷兰低地
風景園林%鄉土景觀%圩田%荷蘭低地
풍경완림%향토경관%우전%하란저지
Landscape Architecture%Vernacular Landscape%Polder Model%Dutch Lowlands
荷兰低地的自然景观是由瀉湖、沼泽、海湾、河口组成的持续变化的三角洲景观体系，长达约6个世纪中大规模泥炭圩田开垦和始于17世纪的大规模湖床圩田的开垦，将这块介于大陆和海洋之间的流动的蛮荒之地转化为一个相对稳定丰产的富饶之地。圩田成为荷兰低地最为重要的乡土景观类型，综合了农业生产、水利调控和城镇建设，文章将简要论述荷兰低地圩泥炭圩田和湖床圩田的发展历程，然后从景观空间、水文流域和社会自治的角度对其加以分析，试图对圩田这一荷兰典型的乡土景观有一个较为全面和深刻的理解。
荷蘭低地的自然景觀是由瀉湖、沼澤、海灣、河口組成的持續變化的三角洲景觀體繫，長達約6箇世紀中大規模泥炭圩田開墾和始于17世紀的大規模湖床圩田的開墾，將這塊介于大陸和海洋之間的流動的蠻荒之地轉化為一箇相對穩定豐產的富饒之地。圩田成為荷蘭低地最為重要的鄉土景觀類型，綜閤瞭農業生產、水利調控和城鎮建設，文章將簡要論述荷蘭低地圩泥炭圩田和湖床圩田的髮展歷程，然後從景觀空間、水文流域和社會自治的角度對其加以分析，試圖對圩田這一荷蘭典型的鄉土景觀有一箇較為全麵和深刻的理解。
하란저지적자연경관시유사호、소택、해만、하구조성적지속변화적삼각주경관체계，장체약6개세기중대규모니탄우전개은화시우17세기적대규모호상우전적개은，장저괴개우대륙화해양지간적류동적만황지지전화위일개상대은정봉산적부요지지。우전성위하란저지최위중요적향토경관류형，종합료농업생산、수리조공화성진건설，문장장간요논술하란저지우니탄우전화호상우전적발전역정，연후종경관공간、수문류역화사회자치적각도대기가이분석，시도대우전저일하란전형적향토경관유일개교위전면화심각적리해。
The Dutch natural landscape is a gradual y-changing delta landscape system, which consists of lagoons, swamps, bays and estuaries. With as long as 6 centuries large-scale peat polder reclamation and large-scale lake-bed polder reclamation from 17th century, turned the capricious wilderness between the continent and the sea into a land which is relatively stable and fertile. Polder landscape has become the most important vernacular landscape type in Dutch lowlands, as a combination of agricultural production, hydrology infrastructure and town planning. The article lists the development process of peat polder and lake bed polder in Dutch lowlands, analyzing from the perspectives of the landscape space, hydrology and social autonomy, which helps to comprehensively and profoundly understand the typical vernacular landscape in Dutch lowlands.
