CAJ | 학술논문

木本与草本是植物存在的两种主要生活型，生态功能差异明显，尤其在植物被周期性洪水淹没的湿地生态系统中。为此，以洞庭湖湿地二门闸、五门闸、藕池河口、白沙大桥4个研究点的原生柳属木本植被与薹草属草本植被为研究对象，通过对枯水期土壤理化性质与汛期水流速度、水环境的对比监测，揭示两者生态防护功能的差异。对土壤粒径组成而言，在二门闸与白沙大桥2个研究点，木本与草本植物群落土壤样本之间无显著差异；而在五门闸与藕池河，与草本植物相比，木本植物导致土壤上层(0~30 cm)与下层(60~90 cm)粉粒含量降低，砂粒含量增加，中层(30~60 cm)黏粒与粉粒含量增加，砂粒含量降低。对土壤化学性质而言，木本植物总体上导致土壤有机质与全氮含量升高，而对全磷与全钾含量无显著影响。与草本植物相比，木本植物能显著减缓水流速度，提高水体氧化还原电位与溶解氧浓度，而对水温与pH值无明显影响。可见，洞庭湖湿地木本与草本植物生活型的差异，是导致二者土壤与水环境特征差别的主要原因，与草本植物相比，木本植物具有更强的生态防护功能。
목본여초본시식물존재적량충주요생활형，생태공능차이명현，우기재식물피주기성홍수엄몰적습지생태계통중。위차，이동정호습지이문갑、오문갑、우지하구、백사대교4개연구점적원생류속목본식피여대초속초본식피위연구대상，통과대고수기토양이화성질여신기수류속도、수배경적대비감측，게시량자생태방호공능적차이。대토양립경조성이언，재이문갑여백사대교2개연구점，목본여초본식물군락토양양본지간무현저차이；이재오문갑여우지하，여초본식물상비，목본식물도치토양상층(0~30 cm)여하층(60~90 cm)분립함량강저，사립함량증가，중층(30~60 cm)점립여분립함량증가，사립함량강저。대토양화학성질이언，목본식물총체상도치토양유궤질여전담함량승고，이대전린여전갑함량무현저영향。여초본식물상비，목본식물능현저감완수류속도，제고수체양화환원전위여용해양농도，이대수온여pH치무명현영향。가견，동정호습지목본여초본식물생활형적차이，시도치이자토양여수배경특정차별적주요원인，여초본식물상비，목본식물구유경강적생태방호공능。
The functions of ligneous and herbaceous plants were different due to their differences in life forms, especially in wet-land ecosystems in which plants were inundated by periodic flooding. In this study, two native plants of ligneous( Salix) and her-baceous( Carex) at four areas ( Ermenzha, Wumenzha, Ouchihekou and Baishadaqiao) in the Lake Dongting wetlands were select-ed as the study objects. The physical and chemical characteristics of the soil in dry seasons, and flow velocity and water environ-ments in flood seasons were investigated. In Ermenzha and Baishadaqiao, the compositions of soil particle-size were not significant-ly different between ligneous and herbaceous plant areas. However, in Wumenzha and Ouchihekou, sediments in ligneous plant ar-ea had a lower percentage of silt but a higher percentage of sand in topsoil (0 30 cm) and subsoil (60 90 cm), and a lower percentage of sand but higher clay and silt in medium soil (30 60 cm) compared to sediments from the herbaceous plant areas. For soil chemical characteristics, ligneous plants were benefited to increase soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents compared with that of herbaceous plants. Total phosphorus and total potassium from the sediments were not different between the two vegeta-tion types. Ligneous plant areas had created lower flow velocity, higher water redox potential and higher dissolved oxygen content compared with herbaceous plant areas. However, there was no difference in water temperature and pH values between the two vege-tation type areas. These data indicated that great differences in life forms contributed to different ecological functions between the two vegetation types:higher in ligneous plant areas and lower in herbaceous plant areas.