CAJ | 학술논문

工程在人类活动中的地位变得日益重要的同时,也对社会、政治和环境提出了日益严峻的挑战.思考这些问题,我们应该立足于作为一门有别于传统科学技术哲学的工程哲学.古希腊以来,科学与工程一直被认为代表了西方文化两种不同的传统.但在哲学发生历史主义转向后,两种不同的合理性走向融合.在科学的社会研究变得时髦的今天,我们对工程这种物质性活动进行哲学研究的进路就再也不能采用传统哲学那种单一的规范化方法,而应该将其视为一种特殊的文化活动,从多维外部视点来理解.工程知识和工程实践的特性使得工程哲学应该超越传统的规范化方法,而去描述作为一种社会活动的工程实践,并在容纳各个外部视点后综合每个视点所形成的视图,为工程活动"拼凑一种更好的描述".
공정재인류활동중적지위변득일익중요적동시,야대사회、정치화배경제출료일익엄준적도전.사고저사문제,아문응해립족우작위일문유별우전통과학기술철학적공정철학.고희석이래,과학여공정일직피인위대표료서방문화량충불동적전통.단재철학발생역사주의전향후,량충불동적합이성주향융합.재과학적사회연구변득시모적금천,아문대공정저충물질성활동진행철학연구적진로취재야불능채용전통철학나충단일적규범화방법,이응해장기시위일충특수적문화활동,종다유외부시점래리해.공정지식화공정실천적특성사득공정철학응해초월전통적규범화방법,이거묘술작위일충사회활동적공정실천,병재용납각개외부시점후종합매개시점소형성적시도,위공정활동"병주일충경호적묘술".
As a kind of human beings＇ activity, engineering exists in all ages, but has never played such an important role as today. As engineering becomes a chief way of being, it brings forward increasingly serious challenges to society, politics and environment. Considerations of these problems give birth to philosophy of engineering. However, we should not look upon philosophy of engineering as the extension of philosophy of science and technology, for engineering has its own form of culture, with its own sets of rules and bodies of practice——a culture different from science and certainly not a mere appendage to or an application of science. Science and engineering have always been supposed to represent two different traditions in Western culture since ancient Greece. The former has been admired for its objective necessity and universal validity, while the latter has been undervalued for its limits of established value judgments and contexts. However, after a historicist turn happened in Western philosophy in the 20th century, the two different rationalities which science and engineering represent respectively became merged. It is argued that science, like engineering, is less simply an intellectual undertaking than creative activities conducted in a certain context, and may and should include such practical wisdom as sophists advocated. Nowadays, as social studies of science gain ground, our approach to philosophical studies of engineering as a kind of material activities can no longer adopt such a single normative method as traditional philosophy did. Rather, engineering should be taken as a specific kind of cultural activity and be investigated from manifold outer perspectives. Engineering knowledge is neither pure scientific knowledge nor pure social knowledge, for it includes more “know-how” and Peter＇s “cookbook knowledge”. Engineers have their own methods, procedures, and bodies of skills whereby they create and construct knowledge. Engineering knowledge is orientated to engineering, and it actually includes such knowledge of action as sophists advocated. The practical characteristics of engineering knowledge make it paradigmatic for the studies of knowledge / power. Engineering practice should be looked upon as a special cultural activity, for it has idiosyncrasy, and it plays a double role both in and outside science. Engineers design the society as they design engineering. Engineering is shaped by a variety of social factors all together. While we choose an engineering project, we choose a way of life. The reaction of engineering to us and our society calls for a descriptive philosophy of engineering rather than a normative one. Therefore we should endeavor to describe engineering practice as a kind of social activity, and integrate all views obtained from various outer perspectives to “cobble together a better description”. The meaning of description lies in that every action clears obstacles for imagination, and develops ability and experience.