CAJ | 학술논문

随着国际贸易自由化程度的提高,贸易与环境问题越来越引起人们的重视.对贸易政策进行环境影响评价,指导贸易政策的制定,是解决贸易所带来的环境问题的重要途径.了解中国入世后一系列的农业政策调整会在多大程度上影响环境,对于新的政策决策具有指导意义.本文在总结贸易政策环境影响评价研究步骤和方法的基础上,对农业贸易政策环境影响评价的特点进行讨论,并以河北省迁安市小麦种植业为例,进行农业贸易政策环境影响评价的案例研究.由于农业贸易政策直接作用于农业生产经营活动,再通过农业生产经营等活动间接地影响环境质量状况,本文借助转移矩阵方法进行分析评价.
수착국제무역자유화정도적제고,무역여배경문제월래월인기인문적중시.대무역정책진행배경영향평개,지도무역정책적제정,시해결무역소대래적배경문제적중요도경.료해중국입세후일계렬적농업정책조정회재다대정도상영향배경,대우신적정책결책구유지도의의.본문재총결무역정책배경영향평개연구보취화방법적기출상,대농업무역정책배경영향평개적특점진행토론,병이하북성천안시소맥충식업위례,진행농업무역정책배경영향평개적안례연구.유우농업무역정책직접작용우농업생산경영활동,재통과농업생산경영등활동간접지영향배경질량상황,본문차조전이구진방법진행분석평개.
With the expanding world trade market, more and more attention is paid to the environmental problem brought by free trade. EIA on trade policies is an important way to value what influences free trade has brought to our environment and then indication on improving decision making for strengthening positive influence and mitigate negative effects. After China＇ s accession to WTO, a series of adjustments of rural policies was carried out, and the necessity to conduct environmental impact assessment to relevant policy change emerged. This paper firstly summarizes the general approaches to environmental impact assessment of trade policy, and addresses the characteristics with respect to agricultural sectors in particular. A case study on environmental impact by changed wheat plantation due to national and international agricultural trade policy reform is carried in Qian＇an Cotmty, Hebei Province. An arithmetic method of “transmission matrix” is applied as the approach to show the logic of successive impact of pohcy change on agricultural behavior and then on environmental factors. For the method, the pohcy changes are conceptualized to vectors. In-site investigation gives estimation of how each pohcy change impacts on each item of farming behavior transformation. Agricultural technical data shows relevant agricultural chemical inputs change and eco-effects for every fanning behavior transformation. A transmission matrix with a successive multiplication of vector and matrix can reflect the relationship exactly. Anyhow, EIA as micrlevel is still in its way. Better understanding and approach at micro level is desired to make further progress.