心理科学
心理科學
심이과학
Psychological Science
2005年
6期
1318~1323
,共null页
规则推理 规则顺序 规则类型 认知发展
規則推理 規則順序 規則類型 認知髮展
규칙추리 규칙순서 규칙류형 인지발전
rule-based reasoning, rule orders , rule types, cognitive development
学前儿童时期是各种推理能力产生和发展的重要时期.本研究采用Frye和Zelazo等(1996)所设计的"二进二出"装置,设置了规则顺序、规则类型的规则推理任务,采用个别实验法,研究了90名3~4岁儿童规则推理能力的发展.在本研究条件下,结果发现:1.当规则呈现顺序不同时,儿童规则推理成绩差异显著,先呈现哪个规则,则利用这个规则进行推理的成绩就较好;2.不同规则类型下儿童的推理成绩差异极其显著,竖直规则下的推理任务更容易;3.3.5~4岁是儿童二维合取规则推理能力发展的快速期.
學前兒童時期是各種推理能力產生和髮展的重要時期.本研究採用Frye和Zelazo等(1996)所設計的"二進二齣"裝置,設置瞭規則順序、規則類型的規則推理任務,採用箇彆實驗法,研究瞭90名3~4歲兒童規則推理能力的髮展.在本研究條件下,結果髮現:1.噹規則呈現順序不同時,兒童規則推理成績差異顯著,先呈現哪箇規則,則利用這箇規則進行推理的成績就較好;2.不同規則類型下兒童的推理成績差異極其顯著,豎直規則下的推理任務更容易;3.3.5~4歲是兒童二維閤取規則推理能力髮展的快速期.
학전인동시기시각충추리능력산생화발전적중요시기.본연구채용Frye화Zelazo등(1996)소설계적"이진이출"장치,설치료규칙순서、규칙류형적규칙추리임무,채용개별실험법,연구료90명3~4세인동규칙추리능력적발전.재본연구조건하,결과발현:1.당규칙정현순서불동시,인동규칙추리성적차이현저,선정현나개규칙,칙이용저개규칙진행추리적성적취교호;2.불동규칙류형하인동적추리성적차이겁기현저,수직규칙하적추리임무경용역;3.3.5~4세시인동이유합취규칙추리능력발전적쾌속기.
This experiment studied the development of rule-based reasoning in 90 3- to-4-year-olds using a ramp apparatus with two input holes and two output holes. The results revealed that (1) children performed better in across-rule-based reasoning if the across rule was used first; (2) there was an effect of rule types, and straight-rule-based reasoning was easier than across-rule-based reasoning; and (3) children's rule-based reasoning developed rapidly at the age of 3.5 to 4.