CAJ | 학술논문

中国城市的失业率存在显著的差异，如果比较不同的教育群体，不同性别和不同出生组别的话。相对而言，在所有教育组内，年轻群组内存在比年老群组更高的失业率。年老群组在他们劳动生涯内，失业率长期维持在接近零的水平。然而对于年轻群组，情况大相径庭：失业率差异增大。对于年轻群组而言，失业率和教育程度呈现反向关系：大学以上教育依然维持最低失业率水平。性别的失业率差距随着教育程度的降低而扩大：最大差距出现在低等教育组。除此以外，出生组别之间的失业率差异随着年龄增加而扩大，而且这种差距也是在低等教育女性组最为明显，这也意味着低等教育女性在劳动力市场的需求处于极为不利的地位。我们对于这种群组之间的失业率差距提供了解释：国有企业高度集中导致了非常低的失业率，而经济转型过程中国有企业比重的下降伴随着劳动力市场自由化程度的提高，带来了较高的失业率。
중국성시적실업솔존재현저적차이，여과비교불동적교육군체，불동성별화불동출생조별적화。상대이언，재소유교육조내，년경군조내존재비년로군조경고적실업솔。년로군조재타문노동생애내，실업솔장기유지재접근령적수평。연이대우년경군조，정황대상경정：실업솔차이증대。대우년경군조이언，실업솔화교육정도정현반향관계：대학이상교육의연유지최저실업솔수평。성별적실업솔차거수착교육정도적강저이확대：최대차거출현재저등교육조。제차이외，출생조별지간적실업솔차이수착년령증가이확대，이차저충차거야시재저등교육녀성조최위명현，저야의미착저등교육녀성재노동력시장적수구처우겁위불리적지위。아문대우저충군조지간적실업솔차거제공료해석：국유기업고도집중도치료비상저적실업솔，이경제전형과정중국유기업비중적하강반수착노동력시장자유화정도적제고，대래료교고적실업솔。
The cohort patterns of unemployment rates are all quite clear for all groups, and there are differentials across education groups, genders, as well as cohorts. For all groups, later cohorts have higher unemployment rates than earlier cohorts in most of their labor ages. For old cohorts, the unemployment rates remain low around zero for most of their ages. However, it is not the case for recent cohorts： the unemployment rates begin to diverge across cohorts and groups. Although higher than those of old cohorts, the unemployment rates of recent cohorts in the above-college educated groups keep the lowest in all groups, no matter for males or females. However, the gender gap in the unemployment rate begins to diverge across cohorts for the high-school educated groups, and reaches an extremely high level in the low-educated groups. Besides, the inter-cohort differentials in the unemployment rate seem enlarging with ages for all groups, but the highest in the low-educated female group, which reflects the particularly disadvantageous status of this group in the labor market. Our explanations here try to analyze the reasons for the inter-cohort differentials in the unemployment rate. Our results suggest that the striking dominance of SOEs in the economy always lowers the unemployment rate, however, the declining dominance of SOEs happens with the liberalization of the labor market and brings about a higher unemployment rate.