CAJ | 학술논문

一些投票人在面对若干二元问题时,如果他们对这些二元问题结果的偏好是不可分割的,那么即使在众多可能的结果中存在着一个孔多塞（Condorcet）胜者,多数决原则可能最终并不会选择这个孔多塞胜者;相反,社会选择的结果可能是孔多塞失败者,或者是被其他某些结果帕雷托占优.我们还评估了一系列针对全民公决中投票人偏好不可分割这一问题的解决方案,包括对一个问题集合进行投票、贯序投票、以及投票交易等.贯序投票和投票交易可以防止最终选择孔多塞失败者和被其他所有可能的结果帕雷托占优出现.相对全民公决而言,立法机构更容易推动贯序投票和投票交易,因此全民公决虽然增加了民主决策中参与者的数量,但却降低了民主参与的质量.
일사투표인재면대약간이원문제시,여과타문대저사이원문제결과적편호시불가분할적,나요즉사재음다가능적결과중존재착일개공다새（Condorcet）성자,다수결원칙가능최종병불회선택저개공다새성자;상반,사회선택적결과가능시공다새실패자,혹자시피기타모사결과파뢰탁점우.아문환평고료일계렬침대전민공결중투표인편호불가분할저일문제적해결방안,포괄대일개문제집합진행투표、관서투표、이급투표교역등.관서투표화투표교역가이방지최종선택공다새실패자화피기타소유가능적결과파뢰탁점우출현.상대전민공결이언,입법궤구경용역추동관서투표화투표교역,인차전민공결수연증가료민주결책중삼여자적수량,단각강저료민주삼여적질량.
When some voters have nonseparable preferences across multiple binary issues,majority rule may not select a Condorcet winning set of outcomes when one exists, and the social choice may be a Condorcet loser or Pareto-dominated by every other set of outcomes. We evaluate potential solutions to the problem of nonseparable preferences in referendums, including set-wise voting, sequential voting, and vote-trading. Sequential voting and vote-trading prevent the selection of Condorcet losers and universally Pareto-dominated outcomes. Legislatures facilitate sequential voting and vote-trading better than referendums, suggesting that referendums increase the quantity of participants in democratic decisionmaking but decrease the quality of participation.