CAJ | 학술논문

生态补偿措施是退耕还林（草）工程顺利进行的重要保障。以退耕还林（草）在黄土高原地区的实施情况为例，通过问卷调查，应用生态经济学的相关理论进行分析，认为应从以下几个方面完善退耕还林（草）工程的生态补偿机制：首先，建立退耕还林（草）的补偿组织体系；其次。以退耕还林（草）所造成的农民机会成本的损失来确定补偿标准。根据工程的进程和资金的投入情况．可将生态补偿划分为基本补偿、产业结构调整补偿和生态效益外溢补偿三个阶段；第三，根据产业结构调整取得显著成效所需的时间来确定补偿年限；最后提出退耕还林（草）的补偿方式及可能的资金渠道来源。生态补偿计量方法的研究将是今后研究的重点和难点。
생태보상조시시퇴경환림（초）공정순리진행적중요보장。이퇴경환림（초）재황토고원지구적실시정황위례，통과문권조사，응용생태경제학적상관이론진행분석，인위응종이하궤개방면완선퇴경환림（초）공정적생태보상궤제：수선，건립퇴경환림（초）적보상조직체계；기차。이퇴경환림（초）소조성적농민궤회성본적손실래학정보상표준。근거공정적진정화자금적투입정황．가장생태보상화분위기본보상、산업결구조정보상화생태효익외일보상삼개계단；제삼，근거산업결구조정취득현저성효소수적시간래학정보상년한；최후제출퇴경환림（초）적보상방식급가능적자금거도래원。생태보상계량방법적연구장시금후연구적중점화난점。
The national project of turning cultivated land back into forests and grasslands （TCFG） has been carried out for several vears in West China. Bringing about many ecological benefits to China, the project has also encountered some problems mainly concerning the ecological compensation system and related policies. These problems have to be dealt with timely, for they have already hindered the progress of the project. Beginning with an elaboration on the functions of ecological compensation for TCFG, taking the Loess Plateau for example, this paper discusses the necessity, and the process of setting up an ecological compensation system for this ecological construction project. There should be four steps in the establishment of a perfect ecological compensation system. The first step is setting up a framework of ecological compensation system. The second is formulating a set of reasonable compensation standards, which should be based on Opportunity Cost Theory. To assign the compensation level based on opportmity costs of TCFG, ecological compensation can be divided into three phases, including the reparations for farmers＇ direct loss of losing the cultivated land and their investments, the allowances, key part of the compensation, for famers＇ transforming and adjusting their agricultural production structure, and the transfer payments for their maintaining the ecological services provided by the newly grown up forests and grasslands. The third step is about the duration of compensation time： it must be long enough until the remarkable effects of adjusting agricultural production structure have emerged. And the last step is putting forwards the ways of finacing and possible source of the compensation.