中国农史
中國農史
중국농사
Agricultural History of China
2006年
3期
13~21
,共null页
清代中晚期 山地 玉米生产 水土流失 遏止措施
清代中晚期 山地 玉米生產 水土流失 遏止措施
청대중만기 산지 옥미생산 수토류실 알지조시
middle to late in Qing dynasty; mountainous country; planting of corn; soil erosion
清代中晚期，我国渭河至黄河下游一线以南、青藏高原以东范围内，人们广泛开垦山地，种植玉米，许多地方出现了“遍山漫谷皆包谷”的景象。大面积的山地开垦和玉米种植，破坏了原有的自然植被，引发严重的水土流失。在不同地区，官方和民间对开山种玉米的利弊有不同认识。在四川、湖北、湖南等省，政府对开辟荒山种植玉米的行为基本上是听之任之；但在浙江、皖南和陕南等地，政府和民间曾采取多种积极措施，遏止山地种植玉米引发的水土流失，并取得了一定成效。
清代中晚期，我國渭河至黃河下遊一線以南、青藏高原以東範圍內，人們廣汎開墾山地，種植玉米，許多地方齣現瞭“遍山漫穀皆包穀”的景象。大麵積的山地開墾和玉米種植，破壞瞭原有的自然植被，引髮嚴重的水土流失。在不同地區，官方和民間對開山種玉米的利弊有不同認識。在四川、湖北、湖南等省，政府對開闢荒山種植玉米的行為基本上是聽之任之；但在浙江、皖南和陝南等地，政府和民間曾採取多種積極措施，遏止山地種植玉米引髮的水土流失，併取得瞭一定成效。
청대중만기，아국위하지황하하유일선이남、청장고원이동범위내，인문엄범개은산지，충식옥미，허다지방출현료“편산만곡개포곡”적경상。대면적적산지개은화옥미충식，파배료원유적자연식피，인발엄중적수토류실。재불동지구，관방화민간대개산충옥미적리폐유불동인식。재사천、호북、호남등성，정부대개벽황산충식옥미적행위기본상시은지임지；단재절강、환남화협남등지，정부화민간증채취다충적겁조시，알지산지충식옥미인발적수토류실，병취득료일정성효。
From about 1700 to the late of 19th century, south of Wei River and Yellow River, east of Qingzang plateau, large area with comparatively high altitude and was not good for the traditional grains of china ,had been opened up extensively for planting com. In many places, the valley and hillside had been covered only with com. Meanwhile, the original vegetation had been destroyed seriously, and caused grave soil erosion. Different understanding existed in different places and some measures were taken. In Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei provincesetc, planting corn on mountains was permissive; While in Zhejiang,south Anhui and south Shanxi, the local government and people took series measures to prohibit planting com on mountains, and acquired certain effect.
